1. Biomaterial Nickel-Titanium Super Alloys Recycling via Hydrometallurgical Methods
Muhammed İ.Özgüna, Mahmut Ercan Acmab, Ahmet B. Batıbaya, Arslan Terlemeza, Yasin R. Ekera
a Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye
b İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Türkiye

2. Ni-Ti SUPER ALLOYS PROPERTIES
Flexible
Strength
Bio-compatible
&
Shape Memory
Rotary Files

3. Ni-Ti SUPER ALLOYS PRODUCTİON
Elahinia, M. H., Hashemi, M., & Tabesh, M. (2012). Progress in Materials Science Manufacturing and processing of NiTi implants : A review. Progress in Materials Science, 57(5), 911–946.
⦁ High Production Cost
⦁ Pure Material Requested

4. Proportion of Total Consumption
NICKEL in INDUSTRY
Ni Ores
for Production
Ni Ores
for Industry
Category
Proportion of Total Consumption
Steel (Stainless & Alloy)
69 %
Alloying
15 %
Electroplating
9 %
Foundry
3 %
Batteries
Catalysts
1 %
■ Laterite ■ Sulphide
Crundwell, F. K., Moats, M. S., Robinson, T. G., & Davenport, W. G. (n.d.). Extractive Metallurgy of Nickel , Cobalt and Platinum-Group Metals.
⦁ Laterite → Ferro-Nickel
⦁ Pure Ni required
→ Recycling

5. TITANIUM in INDUSTRY Less Produced Metal High Production Cost of Metal
Low Scrap Recycling
High Percent Usage of TiO2
Ilmenite
(FeO.TiO2)
TiO2 Valorisation
■ Other ■ Metal Ti
Less Produced Metal

6. High Elemental Recycling Potential
ROTARY FILES ANALYSIS
X-Ray Diffraction
Phase Diagram
X-Ray Fluorescence Ni
58,7 %wt Ti
40,1 %wt
Others
1,2 %wt
High Elemental Recycling Potential

7. RECYCLING via HYDROMETALLURGY
Cheap & Simple
Process
Small Waste Amount
High Grade Raw Materials
(TiO2, NiO,Ni)

8. Physical Separation of
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Physical Separation of
Collected Waste Files
Filtration
2h H2SO4 Baking
Electrowinning
(NiSO4)
Calcination
(TiOSO4)
Rutile (TiO2)
Metallic Nickel

9. LEACHING TEMPERATURE EFFECT
EFFICIENCY
Low Temperature (150 ᶹC) → Slow Kinetics ⇒ Low Efficiency
High Temperature (250 ᶹC) → High Acid Consumption
↳ Evaporation of Pyrosulphric Acid: H2SO4 + SO3 → H2S2O7

10. PRECIPITATED MATERIAL
–⦁– H2SO4 (%wt)
–⦁– NiSO4 (%wt)
–⦁– TiOSO4 (%wt)
Low Temperature (150 ᶹC) → Slow Kinetics ⇒ Low Efficiency

11. ACID CONCENTRATION EFFECT (NiTi / Acid in mass ratio)
1/3
1/5
1/7
SOLID/ACID Ratio
DISSOLVED SOLID (%)
1/3
10,6
1/5
35,4
1/7
59,2
Ratio > 1/7 ⇒ Non significant dissolution improvement

12. SULPHATES in SOLUTION
Highest Elemental 1/5

13. PRECIPITATED MATERIAL
–⦁– H2SO4 (%wt)
–⦁– NiSO4 (%wt)
–⦁– TiOSO4 (%wt)
Low Temperature (150 ᶹC) → Slow Kinetics ⇒ Low Efficiency

14. RESIDUAL SOLID SURFACE
Low Temperature (150 ᶹC) → Slow Kinetics ⇒ Low Efficiency

15. CONCLUSION
NiTi biomaterial rotary files can be recycled by acid baking method.
Nickel and titanium dioxide could not seperated succesfully.
1/5, solid/acid rate experiment is optimal mixture for 200 ᶹC for metallic values seperation. Titanium dissolved at high acidic condition and nickel ions precipitated by low acidic concentration increased.
NiTi biomaterial rotary files dissolving increased by increasing acid content
Atmosheric conditions can be controlled with closed system and analysed closed system conditions.
Nickel sulphate solution and electrowinned metallic nickel is commercial products.

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