1. Preposition Guided Notes

2. A ______________ is a word that shows the relationship between a _________ or a ___________ and some other word or element in the rest of the sentence. Example:
preposition
I. Preposition
noun
pronoun

3. SOME COMMON PREPOSITIONS:
beside on
between
over
aboard
beyond
past by
since
about
down
through
above
during
throughout
across
except to
after
against
for
toward
along
from
under in
until
among
into up
around
like
upon at of
with
before
off
within
behind
without
below
beneath

4. The relationships include position, location, time, amount, manner, and cause.
II. Prepositional Phrase
A preposition goes with a noun or a pronoun (called the object of the preposition) to form a prepositional phrase.
The preposition is almost always before the noun or pronoun and that is why it is called a preposition.
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun/pronoun called the object of the preposition.

5. Objection of the Preposition
Prepositional Phrase
 in
 house
 in the house
 under
 truck
 under the truck
 beside
 teacher
 beside the teacher
 over
 hill
 over the hill

6. Practice:
Instructions: Place parenthesis around propositional phrases: label prepositions prep., label the objects of the preposition O.P..
1) Louis Pasteur was a professor of chemistry at the University of Lille.
2) Pasture discovered that bacteria could be destroyed with heat and fermentation.
3) This process of sterilization was called Pasteurization.
4) Pasteur’s greatest contribution to medical science was his germ theory disease.
5) He proved that microorganisms carried on dust particles in the air caused food decay.

7. III. Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives:
When prepositional phrases describe a noun or pronoun, they act as adjectives. These phrases are called adjective phrase.
Example:
Someone in the lab identified that mineral.
The surface of the rock is rough.
The rock in the cabinet is very old.

8. Adjective phrases come after the words they modify.
These phrases answer questions like what kind Ex: We found a rock with a strange fossil. and which one Ex: The rocks on the left are called mica.
Practice:
Instructions: Circle which noun or pronoun each underlined adjective phrase modifies.
Geologists study the structure of the earth.
They collect information about minerals.
Do you know anything about geology?
The shaft under the rock is deep.
Scientists record the distances between the earth’s plates.

9. IV. Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs:
When prepositional phrases describe verb, adjective, or adverb they are called adverb phrase.
Adverb phrases tell how, when, or where.
Example:
Dr. Fleming worked at the factory. (modifies a verb)
He was eager for a raise. (modifies an adjective)
He stayed late with his team. (modifies an adverb)

10. Practice:
Instructions: Circle the word that each underlined adverb phrase modifies. Say whether the word is a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
Many diseases were once common throughout the world. ________________
They were dangerous to millions. _________________________
Doctors sometimes worked in teams. ____________________________
They experimented with different drugs. __________________________
Cures developed slowly over the years. __________________________