1. Cell Division: Asexual Reproduction
One Parent Producing Identical Offspring

2. Pros and Cons of Asexual Repro
Pros Cons
Good Traits
Consistently carried on Bad Traits Too!
No mate required No mixing of genes
(quick and easy)
Evolution less likely Greater variety feeds
Evolution

3. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission :
Binary Fission – a form of cell division that results in production of two daughter cells about the same size.
Single-celled (unicellular) Organisms
Bacteria
Protozoa (Paramecium, Ameba)

4. Bacteria can double their population every 20 minutes

5. Binary Fission: Paramecium Amoeba
Ameba

6. Budding: Another Type of Asexual Repro
Budding is characterized by the unequal division of the cytoplasm during cytokenesis Examples:
Yeast – single-celled Fungi used in the wine and baking industries (Also, some cause Athletes Foot and “Ring Worm”)
Hydra – Small multicellular water animal related to the Jellyfish

7. Budding
Budding Yeast Budding Hydra
Budd

8. Spore Formation: “sporulation”
Spores are single, specialized cells that can be produced either sexually or asexually. When released, spores germinate and grow into new individuals
Bread Molds
Mushrooms

9. Sporulation Spores can withstand extreme Conditions (heat, cold, dry)
Bread Mold Spores
Mushrooms produce spores
Under cap, in “gills”

10. Regeneration: Ability to grow a part of OR an entire individual
Some organisms can re-grow missing or injured parts through " regeneration”
“Undifferentiated Cells” near the affected site are capable of growing missing parts
Salamanders can regenerate
Legs and Tails

11. Regeneration of Entire Organisms
Sea star can re-grow limbs and even
Another sea star
Planarian

12. Plants and Asexual Repro
Vegetative propagation — Plants can form from stolons, rhizomes, tubers, corms, and bulbs. Vegetative propagation is an example of asexual reproduction because no exchange of pollen is involved.

13. Vegetative Propagation: Ways that Some Plants Reproduce Asexually
Runners – shoots coming from the parent plant on top of the soil, will “root” when conditions are right and grow into another plant, identical to
the parent
Strawberries
Poison ivy

14. Pieces of plant, root into whole new plant
Cuttings: pieces of leaf, and/or stems will root and grow into
Whole new plant

15. Bulbs, Tubers, “Eyes”
New plants can arise from special regions

16. What Limits Regeneration, and Vegetative Propagation?
Organisms that are capable of regenerating entire body parts Or creating a new individual identical to itself possess special regions of cells that are UNDIFFERENTIATED
This means they can become any other type of cell

17. Why We Can’t
Humans and other more complex vertebrates have cell lines that are too specialized to become any other types of cells under normal conditions
We are capable of repairing dead or damaged cells only from cells of the same cell line (skin cells replace skin cells)
But Skin cells cannot replace brain cells

18. The Question of Stem Cells
Stem cells are cells that give rise to a variety of different cells (Bone marrow cells give rise to RBC, WBC, and platelets)
The only time during our development that our cells can develop into any other type of cell is during the earliest stages of embryonic development (first 4-7 days following conception)

19. Adult Stem cells may be
“MULTIPOTENT”
Cells from Bone Marrow
Of Adults can produce
Not only, RBC , WBC
And Platelets, BUT Also
Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

20. Embryonic Vs. Adult Stem Cells
Embryonic = Totipotent (can become any
Other cell)