1. Social Tenure Domain Model
A Propoor Land Recordation System
Danilo Antonio
24th MARCH 2017

2. Global land challenges
Only 30 % cadastral coverage (versus 70% tenures off register) – Need to secure tenure ASAP to all citizens.
Only 2-3% ownership by women – how to increase?
Dealing with the affordability issue - how to modernize systems in a pro-poor way?
Complexity of land rights, claims, and records - how to capture the information in a participatory, affordable and acceptable way?

3. The key challenge
How to support various tenure types & systems at scale to enable land reform and secure land and property rights for all?

4. Continuum of land rights
Paradigm Shift
WILL REQUIRE
TO SUPPORT
STDM as one of the tools
Continuum of recording, technology, accuracy, etc.

5. STDM and the enumeration process
The Social Tenure Domain Model as its initial development as an information system is in the context of settlement upgrading. It is built from the participatory enumeration process – another GLTN tool
The steps for enumeration were as follows:
Planning and consultations – stakeholders’ meetings; community awareness, sensitization and mobilization; preparation of enumeration questionnaire; training of teams and mobilization plans.
Mapping and structure numbering – production of initial maps using satellite imagery; using the initial maps, enumerators number of structures with a unique code; mapping of community facilities (e.g. water points) is also carried out.
Interviews and data collection- enumerations team + local leaders + municipality officials conduct house-to-house interviews and fill in the questionnaires: enumerators also collect support documents and take photos; the initial maps are updated using GPS; identification of demolished structures is also carried out.
Data capture and analysis – this involves: data entry; updating of digital map; import data into STDM system; carry out the analysis; produce reports and print outs as necessary.
Data validation and updating – the collected data is displayed and validated by community members, and any changes are updated where necessary; there is continuous updating and maintenance by community members.

6. What is the social tenure domain model (STDM)?
Party
Social Tenure Relationship
Spatial Unit
Spatial
Unit
Social tenure
Parcel
Person
Right
We have the conventional approach wherein we define that a ‘person has the right over a parcel’. This is the traditional cadastral approach. STDM is a specialization of LADM where it defines that ‘a party has a social tenure relationship over a spatial unit.

7. Stdm conceptual model Party Person/s or group/s
Social Tenure Relationship
Use rights
Occupancy
Ownership
Informal
Customary tenure
Common land
Tenancy
Hunting
Spatial Unit
Land, property, structure, natural resources, objects, etc.
Supporting Document
Sketch, audio, video, photos etc.
has
with
supported by
- It is important to note that any form of right, responsibility or restriction in a formal system is considered as a social tenure relationship in STDM

8. Tool selection criteria
Based on free and open source
Provides core GIS functionality
Customizable framework
Rather than building from scratch, use existing tools to form the framework of the tool.
Multiuser capabilities
Integration with external applications e.g. financial systems, persons register

9. STDM Application Components
Database Server = PostgreSQL
Rationale:
Best DBMS with regard to total cost of ownership (TCO)
Supports database replication
Customizable in multiple languages e.g. Python, R, Ruby, V8 JavaScript
Short cycle of new releases ~ 15 months
Confidence by top tech companies: Microsoft*, Apple, Fujitsu, etc.
Spatial Extension = PostGIS
Provides over a 1000 functions for storing, querying, manipulating spatial data.
Standards compliant (OpenGIS specification)
Not sure if Skype runs on PostgreSQL since MS bought it.

10. STDM Application Components (2)
Desktop GIS = QGIS
Rationale:
Rich feature set of vector editing functions for managing spatial units
Ever growing number of users and developers
Huge volume of support manuals and tutorials
Built-in support for PostgreSQL/PostGIS spatial databases
Provides a sophisticated plugin architecture that supports customization using Python or C++
New stable version releases every 4 months
Online repository of third-party extensions
Current version 2.18
Provides tools that are relevant for land administration systems.
More developers means extended functionality. Has an ‘app’ store/repository of 3rd party libraries (free)

11. Functional design process
How do we determine which features to incorporate into STDM?
Peer review (internal and land professionals)
Common functional needs in country implementations
Feedback from training events
Criteria for determining the feature-set of STDM

12. STDM Capabilities version 1.4
Design and extension (of existing) data management forms
Easy access and management of spatial units
Create a custom hierarchy of administrative units
Manage permissions of users to specific modules
Design and share custom templates of map-based documents/reports
Generate map-based documents in batch using default or custom templates
Import and export wizards that support the both textual and spatial data

13. Sample document outputs

14. SOME APPLICATION AREAS
Country
Context
Kenya
Settlement improvement
Irrigation scheme land records management
Land and property taxation
Democratic Republic of Congo
Land mediation in post-conflict
Zambia
Customary land
Namibia
Flexible Land Tenure Act
Philippines
Settlement Upgrading
This is in addition to provision of tenure security

15. LEARNING EVENTS

16. STDM GLOBALLY

17. Roadmap
Strategic development and release of new versions (every 6 months)
Implement recommendations of advisory committee
More strategic partnerships (i.e. academic institutions, developer community)
Documentation and continuous assessment of STDM
Focus on support to country-level interventions

18. Why stdm? In summary…
It can facilitate the recording of all forms of land rights and claims (e.g. slums, customary, overlaps , claims, etc.)
Based on open and free software packages – It is affordable and scalable
Based on global standard (LADM) – It can be shared
Can complement other tools and can be used for different purposes and context – It is flexible and multi-purpose
Does not require highly skilled professionals to operate – It is simple to use
Promotes equity, participation, transparency, efficiency, sustainability and affordability

19. CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT…
Provision of a flexible, unconventional land administration i.e. ‘extension’ to existing LAS
Poverty reduction – land rights and claims of the poor are brought into the system over time
Improve security of tenure
Increase conflict resolution
Limit forced evictions
Help poor engage with land industry in undertaking land management e.g. slum upgrading, rural land management

20. ONLINE RESOURCES
For more information, please visit or subscribe to: lists.osgeo.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/stdm-user
To receive important news and updates around STDM in general, subscribe to: lists.osgeo.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/stdm-announce
If you find an issue working with STDM, please report it so that developers can check and fix it. To report a bug, subscribe to: lists.osgeo.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/stdm-dev or post it in GitHub at:
To browse the source codes or extend the core platform, access the repository here:

21. UN-Habitat, P.O Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
THANK YOU!
NEED TO KNOW MORE?
GLTN Secretariat
UN-Habitat, P.O Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya