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Physical Properties vs. Chemical Properties
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Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
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Physical Property vs. Chemical Property
Matter has both physical properties and chemical properties. A property is simply a trait or characteristic belonging to something, in this case matter.
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What is a Physical Property?
A physical property is a characteristic you can observe or measure without changing the composition of the substance.
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Physical Properties Physical properties include:
Electrical conductivity Color Density Hardness Viscosity Odor Ductility Boiling point Malleability Melting/freezing point Brittleness Specific heat Solubility Texture (smooth or rough)
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Recognizing physical properties…
The color of sulfur The texture of iron The boiling point of water The malleability of foil Syrup’s viscosity
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Intensive Properties vs. Extensive Properties
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What is an Intensive Property?
An intensive property is a physical property of matter that DOES NOT depend on size or amount Examples: Color, odor, hardness, melting point, boiling point, specific heat, density, molecular weight
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What is an Extensive Property?
An extensive property DOES depend on size or amount Examples: mass, volume, length
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The density of water The mass of a log Silver is smooth
Learning Check #1 Label the following as either an intensive property (in) or extensive property (ex): The density of water The mass of a log Silver is smooth Gold melts at 1,064 ◦C The ruler is 1 meter long 120 mL of sulfuric acid in ex
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What is a Chemical Property?
A chemical property is any property of a substance or material that becomes evident ONLY during a chemical reaction. Chemical properties CAN NOT be observed or measured just by looking. Must undergo a chemical change!!
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Chemical Properties Chemical properties include: Reactivity with water
Combustion Toxicity (toxic) Chemical stability Flammability Oxidation state (charge) Bonding pH
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Recognizing chemical properties…
Sodium has an oxidation state Paper is flammable The pH of bleach The toxic nature of formaldehyde
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Gunpowder will combust Silver is smooth Gold melts at 1,064 ◦C
Learning Check #2 Label the following as either a physical property (pp) or chemical property (cp): Carbon is black Gunpowder will combust Silver is smooth Gold melts at 1,064 ◦C Copper can be bent into wires Oxygen forms covalent bonds with hydrogen pp
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