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*Thesaurus *Lexical and Semantic Fields
*Denotation and Connotation *Semantic Differential
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Thesaurus vs. dictionary
Definition The purposes of thesaurus
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Main Entry: faith [feyth] Show IPA/feɪθ/ Show Spelled Part of Speech: noun Definition: trust in something Synonyms: acceptance, allegiance, assent, assurance, belief, certainty, certitude, confidence, constancy, conviction, credence, credit, credulity, dependence, faithfulness, fealty, fidelity, hope, loyalty, reliance, stock, store, sureness, surety, troth, truth, truthfulness Antonyms: disbelief, distrust, doubt, misgiving, skepticism, suspicion
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Phonological characteristics
Lexical or semantic field links words to words in terms of Phonological characteristics Meaning postulates Synonymy Hyponymy antonymy Syntactic occurrence (collocation) Semantic field vs. lexical field
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the way in which some words are often used together, or a particular
Collocation the way in which some words are often used together, or a particular combination of words Examples: to feel free to save time to find a replacement to make progress to do the washing up
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refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨
Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨
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Connotation The emotional implications and associations that a word may carry, in contrast to its denotative meanings.
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Semantic differential
The semantic differential is a scale used for measuring the meaning of things and concepts. There are two aspects of meaning: denotative and connotative. The semantic differential measures connotative meaning. It expresses three factors or dimensions: evaluation, potency and activity) )
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1-Evaluation (good-bad, positive-negative, pleasant-unpleasant, worthless-valuable, dirty-clean)
2-Potency (strong-weak, heavy-light, hard-soft, simple-complex, submissive-assertive, difficult-easy) 3-Activity (active-passive, excitable-calm, fast-slow, relaxed-tense, dim-bright, quiet-noisy)
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____:____:____:____:____:____:____
Lion Strong ____:____:____:____:____:____:____ Weak beautiful ugly Good Bad safe dangerous fast slow Industrious lazy
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