1. Assisted Technologies Bionic Eye and Cochlear Implant Explanation Text Year 9 Science Improving writing complexity

2. Assignment Questions
Answer the following questions for your emerging technology. Make sure to stay within the word limit, and use appropriate references where necessary.
Explain how the associated sensory organ (ear or eye) works with the nervous system (100 – 150 words)
 Explain how your technology attempts to replicate this system (how the technology works) (100 – 150 words)
 Explain how your technology can aid our society (social, political, environmental, economic factors) (100 – 150 words)
 Describe the current challenges scientists face with this technology
(Implementation, development, costs, technology not yet available) (100 – 150 words)
 Describe any ethical implications that need to be considered with this technology. (100 – 150 words)
 What advancements are in store for this technology in the future? (100 – 150 words)

4. Complex Sentences
A complex sentence has at least two clauses. (A clause has a subject and a verb e.g. the surgeon finished the operation) However, in a complex sentence one of the clauses can not stand alone , even though it has a subject and a verb. while one in six Australians currently live with some sort of hearing loss (This is called a dependent clause because it requires an independent clause in order for the idea to make sense.) the numbers are increasing (This is an independent clause. It can stand alone as a complete sentence.) The numbers are increasing while one in six Australians currently live with some sort of hearing loss. While one in six Australians currently live with some sort of hearing loss, the numbers are increasing. You will notice that when a dependent clause comes before an independent clause, there is a comma placed in between.

5. Conjunctions for Complex Sentences
How to use
because
since as
as a result
You can use these conjunctions when you are giving a reason :
Sea levels are rising as a result of Global Warming.
Since you aren’t interested, we will finish it later.
before When is this happening ?
after
when
whenever How often does this happen?
  while How long will it take?
until How long ago has it been ?
You can use these conjunctions when you are trying to explain the time in which something is taking place :
Before you add the salt, you will need to stir the mixture.
It gets really cold whenever that door is opened.
I haven’t seen her since she moved to Melbourne.
Until you feel better, you will have to stay at home.
although
while
You can use these conjunctions when something happens, which is the ‘opposite’ to the rest of the sentence:
While the plant looks healthy, the roots have run out of space to grow.
It’s a beautiful day although there are dark clouds in the distance. if
unless
You can use these conjunctions when something happens on condition of something else :
Don’t add that powder unless you are wearing safety glasses.
If she wants to go to the shops, she’ll have to hurry up.

6. Complex Sentences Dependent clauses begin with a binding conjunction
because, when, before, after, if, since, unless, although, while, as, until, whenever, because if, as a result
Construct two complex sentence by adding an independent clause to the dependent clauses below:
(Remember the independent clause can come before or after the dependent clause)
as a result of cochlear implants if a patient has significant vision loss
As a result of cochlear implants, patients can perceive sounds.
Bionic eye technology can be beneficial if a patient has significant vision loss.

7. Complex sentences
You can decide on where to place the dependent clause.
(Remember the dependent clause can come before or after the independent clause)
Using the independent clauses below construct two complex sentences.
implants can’t replicate normal hearing
although they help to process sounds
he will undergo the procedure
after suitability has been established
Although they help to process sounds, implants can’t replicate normal hearing.
He will undergo the procedure after suitability has been established.

8. Nominalisation
Nominalisation turns verbs into nouns e.g. detect……detection……develop…….development……discuss……discussion Common endings: ‘tion’ ‘is’ ‘-(a)tion’ ‘y’ ‘sion’ ‘ment’ ‘ance’ To detect hearing loss the audiologist has to do lots of tests. The detection of hearing loss requires an audiologist to conduct a variety of tests. For most people the cochlear implant performs really well. Quality of life improves due to the performance of the cochlear implant. To develop the bionic eye, scientists have focused on how visual nerve cells respond to light. The development of the bionic eye is a result of improved knowledge in how visual nerve cells respond to light. The surgeon operated and this meant that the man’s vision had been restored. The patient’s vision has been restored as a result of the operation.

9. Expanded Noun Groups
If you use expanded noun groups your sentences will be more sophisticated and concise.
The cochlear gadget works electronically and is placed into your ear by a surgeon because it replaces the inside of the ear which has been damaged.
A cochlear implant is an electronic medical device that replaces the function of the damaged inner ear.
Using noun groups re-write this sentence to make it more sophisticated and concise.
The bionic eye is still being experimented on and this device will be able to restore someone’s sight so that people can function properly and not suffer from being partly blind or totally blind.
The bionic eye, is an experimental visual device that restores functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness.

10. Reference Items How cochlear implants work
A cochlear implant is an electronic medical device developed for people with severe to profound perceptive hearing loss. It works by transforming sounds into electrical stimulation for the auditory nerve. This means it can bypass the cochlea and become a substitute for a non-functioning cochlea.
How does it work?
Conventional hearing aids capture sound, amplify it and send it through the normal auditory channel. However, if your ear damage is too severe, amplifying sound in this way will have no effect. The cochlear implant overcomes this by sending the signal directly to the auditory nerve. This means that unlike conventional hearing aids, cochlear implants bypass the damaged areas of the ear. They capture the sound, process it and electronically stimulate the auditory nerve.