1. Vocabulary 3

2. 1- Adversary- (n) an enemy, opponent
A best friend off the tennis court can also be a fierce _________ on it.
Synonyms: antagonist, rival, foe
Antonyms: friend, ally, supporter, confederate

3. to turn away; to make indifferent or hostile; to transfer, convey
2- Alienate- (v)
to turn away; to make indifferent or hostile; to transfer, convey
Gossiping and backbiting are bad habits that are bound to __________ friends.
Synonyms: separate, drive apart, estrange
Antonyms: befriend, attract, captivate, reconcile

4. 3- Artifice- (n)
a skillful or ingenious device; a clever trick; a clever skill; trickery
Even the most renowned art experts were completely taken in by the forger’s _________.
Synonyms: ruse, stratagem, contrivance

5. 4- Coerce- (v) to compel, force
Dictators try to ­­­­­­_________ their subjects into obedience by threatening them or their families with punishment.
Synonyms: pressure, bully, intimidate, constrain
Antonyms: persuade, cajole

6. (adj) cowardly; (n) a coward
5- Craven-
(adj) cowardly; (n) a coward
Those who urged Great Britain to make peace with Hitler were criticized for their ________ attitude.
Synonyms: fearful, fainthearted, pusillanimous
Antonyms: brave, courageous, valiant

7. of or related to cooking or the kitchen
6- Culinary (adj)
of or related to cooking or the kitchen
Cooking shows on television have helped many people to master the secrets of the _______ arts.

8. a death, especially of a person in a lofty position
7- Demise- (n)
a death, especially of a person in a lofty position
Traditionally, the tolling of church bells has announced the _________ of a monarch.
Synonyms: decease, passing away
Antonyms: birth, beginning, commencement

9. to enliven, cheer, give spirit or liveliness to
8- Exhilarate- (v)
to enliven, cheer, give spirit or liveliness to
The first landing on the moon, in the summer of 1969, __________ the country.
Synonyms: stimulate, excite, gladden
Antonyms: discourage, dispirit, dishearten, inhibit

10. 9- Effervescent- (adj)
(liquid) giving off bubbles; bubbly, vivacious, merry, lively
The salesman was overwhelmingly ­­­_________ as he tried to sell us encyclopedias.
Synonyms: bubbly, sparkling, lively,
enthusiastic
Antonyms: flat, dull, still

11. 10- Fallow- (adj)
plowed but not seeded; inactive; reddish-yellow; (n) land left unseeded; (v) to plow, but not seed
After a month without a date, I decided that my social life was definitely in a ­­­­­_______ period.
Farmers often _________ a third of their fields each year to restore the chemical balance of the soil.
Synonyms: adj- unproductive; inert; dormant
Antonyms: adj- productive; fertile; prolific

12. to disturb, worry; to trouble by repeated attacks
11- Harass- (v)
to disturb, worry; to trouble by repeated attacks
The judge repeatedly cautioned the prosecuting attorney not to ­­­________ the witness.
Synonyms: annoy, pester, bedevil, beleaguer

13. stormy, harsh; severe in attitude or action
12- Inclement- (adj)
stormy, harsh; severe in attitude or action
During an _______ New England winter, heavy snowfalls may bring highway traffic to a standstill.
Synonyms: blustery, tempestuous, implacable
Antonyms: mild, gentle, balmy, tranquil

14. to think about in a dreamy way, ponder
13- Muse- (v)
to think about in a dreamy way, ponder
Philosophers have always ________ on the meaning of life.
Synonyms: mediate, contemplate, daydream

15. so unimportant that it can be disregarded
14- Negligible- (adj)
so unimportant that it can be disregarded
After taxes are deducted, a small raise in salary may result in a _________ increase in take-home pay.
Synonyms: trivial, inconsequential, insignificant
Antonyms: significant, crucial, momentous

16. to make permanent or long lasting
15- Perpetuate- (v)
to make permanent or long lasting
In most cultures, people try to ____________ the customs of their ancestors.
Synonyms: continue, preserve, prolong indefinitely
Antonyms: discontinue, abolish, abandon

17. an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action
16- Precedent- (n)
an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action
We hope that students at other schools in our city will follow our ________ in volunteer work and charitable contributions
Synonyms: guide, tradition, model

18. inflicting or aiming at punishment
17- Punitive- (adj)
inflicting or aiming at punishment
The general led a __________ expedition against the rebel forces.
Synonyms: penalizing, retaliatory

19. to set right, remedy; (n_ relief from wrong or injury
18- Redress- (v)
to set right, remedy; (n_ relief from wrong or injury
An apology can go a long way to ____________ the hurt feelings caused by an insensitive comment or a thoughtless act.
The accident victims will seek _________ for the injuries they suffered in the train crash.
Synonyms: rectify, correct, mitigate

20. (n) a temporary stay; (v) to stay for a time
19- Sojourn-
(n) a temporary stay; (v) to stay for a time
No matter how short your __________ in Paris, you must take time to go to the Louvre.
Many American graduates __________ abroad before they begin working full-time at home.
Synonyms: visit, stopover, brief stay

21. refined in manner or style, suave
20- Urbane- (adj)
refined in manner or style, suave
An __________ host puts guests at ease by appearing totally confident and unruffled no matter what happens.
Synonyms: elegant
Antonyms: crude, uncouth, boorish