1. istory of Floral Design
Objectives:
To identify the aesthetic benefits of floral design
To become familiar with the history of floral design
To understand the origin and development of different styles
istory of Floral Design

2. Significance of Flowers
Used throughout civilization
Religious significance
Personal adornment
Addition of beauty to dwellings

3. Significance of Flowers
Special occasions
Symbols of love, friendship, sympathy and celebration
Language of flowers
Red Roses symbolize and communicate love

4. Why Know the History of Floral Design?
To understand the impact of earlier cultures on modern design styles
To see the derivation of design styles

5. To be able to create arrangements depicting historical style or design period

6. Classical Period of Floral Design
Byzantine Period
Egyptian Period
Greek Period
Middle Ages
Roman Period

7. Egyptian Period (2800 – 28 B.C.) Styles were simple and orderly
Wide-mouthed basins or bowls held flowers or fruit
Wire loops or holes around container rims held flower stems
Regimented rows and repetition of identical floral groups created patterned designs
Primary colors dominated
Lotus

8. Greek Period (600-146 B.C.) Did not arrange flowers in vases
Flowers were scattered on the ground for celebrations
Wreaths and garlands were worn or carried during special occasions
Heroes, athletes and dignitaries were honored with wreaths

9. Greek Period Potted plants were grown indoors to supply flowers
Professional florists were hired to create wreaths and decorations
Cornucopia (horn of plenty) was a symbol of abundance and was used in an upright position
Grace, simplicity and symbolism characterized Greek design

10. Roman Period (28BC - 325AD) Continued use of Greek designs
Wreaths and garlands were more elaborate
Blossom filled scarves were placed on religious altars
Flowers were arranged in containers or liknons (baskets with high backs and flattened fronts)

11. Byzantine Period (320- 600 AD)
Continued Roman designs
Garlands were twisted narrow bands of fruit, flowers and foliage
Introduced symmetrical, stylized tree compositions
Elaborate containers had nearly pointed bases
Color schemes used neighboring hues with complementary accents

12. Middle Ages (476 – 1400 AD) Flowers arranged in vases
Symmetrical groups in Chinese flasks shows Chinese influence
Little known about floral designs of this period
Information found in Persian art, rugs and tapestries

13. European Periods of Floral Design
Renaissance Period
Baroque Period
Flemish Period
French Styles
English Georgian Period
Victorian Period
European Periods of Floral Design

14. Renaissance Period (1400 – 1600)
Arrangements were large, tall, pyramidal and symmetrically balanced
Arrangement was twice the height of container
Flowers were loose, airy and uncrowded
Bright colors contrasted with plastered walls

15. Baroque and Flemish Style Period (1600 – 1775 AD)
Classical Renaissance style gave way to the lavish Baroque style
Baroque style originated in Italy and spread to Holland and Belgium
Symmetrical oval shaped designs
Hogarthian curve or S-curve developed during this period

16. Flemish Style
Flemish artists painted floral arrangements, refining the Baroque style
Better proportioned and more compact
Flowers were massed into oval shaped arrangements taller than the container
Many arrangements in paintings could not have existed because the flowers bloomed in different seasons
Jan van Huysum

17. French Tradition Influenced European, English and American styles
Influenced by Baroque art
Feminine appeal
Arrangements were bouquets with no design or center of interest
Topiary designs were introduced
Topiary

18. English Georgian Period (1714 – 1760)
Moved away from formality and symmetry
Japanese influence affected design
Tuzzy-muzzy or nosegay was a hand-held bouquet developed at this time
Nosegays were placed in bowls of water on tables as centerpieces
tuzzy-muzzy

19. Victorian Period (1820 – 1901) Floral designs were poorly proportioned
Large masses of flowers with no focal point crowded into containers
Too many colors and flower types created an unplanned effect
Toward the end of the period, rules were established for floral design
Skilled designers established floral design as a professional art

20. History of Oriental Styles
Japanese Style
Chinese Style

21. Chinese Styles
Floral arrangements originally used to decorate Buddhist temples
Large, symmetrical arrangements with central axis
Only one or two types of flowers and foliage used
Bright colors were used

22. Japanese Styles
Adopted Chinese style in 6th century and created their own highly refined art form
Basic styles are Ikenobo, Rikkwa, Shokwa, Nageire, Moribana and Jiyu-Bana
Ikenobo school of floral art created the style known as Ikebana
Japanese styles are characterized by linear forms and open spaces
ikenobo
rikkwa
shokwa

23. American Floral Design Periods
Early American Period
Colonial Williamsburg Period
American Federal Period
Contemporary Styles

24. Early American Period
Early colonists had little time for flower arranging
Household utensils (kettles, pitchers, pans, etc.) and baskets were used as containers
Materials for arrangements were wildflowers, dried flowers and grasses
Designs were informal and massed

25. Colonial Williamsburg Period (1724 – 1780 AD)
Trade with Europe influenced floral designs
Many southern arrangements were copied from European prints and tapestries
Casual, open massed bouquets were common
Styles were fan shaped, rectangular or round
Visual weight concentrated at base of design

26. American Federal Period (1780 – 1820)
Influenced by French styles
Stressed individual beauty of flowers
Break from English style
Flower height was greater than width of arrangement
Gave way to stuffy, ornate Victorian style

27. Modern American Styles (Late 1800’s – Present)
Development of floral wire services in late 19th century established design catalogs
European mass designs were combined with Japanese line designs to create line-mass designs
Advances in transportation and refrigeration influenced availability of cut flowers from local to world markets

28. Quiz List three ways flowers have been used throughout history.
2. _____ styles are characterized by linear forms and open spaces.
A. Japanese C. Flemish
B. Victorian D. Baroque
3. The _____ period made extensive use of wreaths and garlands.
A. Egyptian C. Greek
B. Victorian D. Byzantine
Answers:
religious, personal adornment, decorate dwellings, special occasions, symbols of love, friendship, sympathy and celebration
A. Japanese
C. Greek

29. Quiz Little is known about floral designs of this period.
A. Egyptian C. Roman
B. Greek D. Middle Ages
Designs of this period were masses of flowers with no focal point and poor proportion.
A. French Tradition C. Early American
B. Victorian D. Chinese
The tuzzy-muzzy was developed by
A. The Romans C. The French
B. Martha Stewart D. The English
4. D. Middle Ages
5. B. Victorian
6. D. English

30. Acknowledgements McDaniel, Gary L. Floral Design & Arrangement. 3rd ed
Acknowledgements McDaniel, Gary L. Floral Design & Arrangement. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Berrall, Julia S. A History of Flower Arrangement. London: Studio Publications, Sandra Balch – Production Coordinator Jennifer Donaldson – Graphics Coordinator Geoff Scott – Production Manager G.W. Davis – Executive Producer
, MMIV
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