1. Ancient India
An Overview

2. Basic chronology
c BCE: farming settlements appear along the valley of the river Indus
in what is now Pakistan
c BCE: high point of the Indus Valley civilization
c BCE: some Indus sites showing signs of decline
c BCE: the Aryan invasions

3. Indus Valley civilization
Right: artist’s recreation of Mohenjo-Daro
Below: Great Bath ruins

4. Mohenjo-Daro

5. Everyday life

6. Mysterious signifiers
Examples of the multitude of Harrapan clay seals whose meaning(s) still elude us

7. Aryan invaders
Below: an illustration of a scene from the Rig-Veda

8. Alien gods and values Below: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva
Right: the monkey god

9. Ancient India