1. Achievements of the Civilization
The Golden Age of Islam
Achievements of the Civilization

2. The Golden Age of Islam
In 762 the Muslim Ruler al Mansur built a capital city along the Tigris River in present-day Iraq. Baghdad quickly became the center of Muslim civilizations greatest achievements in science, art and architecture.

3. The Empire
The caliphs were chosen to govern the land and the religion of Islam. Caliph means “successor to the Prophet”. The lands ruled by the caliph were called the caliphate. By 760 CE, the caliphate extended from Arabia to the borders of India and China in the East, to North Africa and Spain in the West.

4. Baghdad
Baghdad was the capital of the caliphate from the late 700s to the s. It had about one million residents. The Caliphs palace stood at the center of the city. Next to the palace was a grand mosque. There were four main roads that went from Baghdad to all other parts of the caliphate. Traders used these roads to bring goods from all over the caliphate. They traded Arabian perfumes, Indian pepper, African ivory, Russian furs and Chinese dishware and paper.

5. House of wisdom
Baghdad’s caliphs valued education. There was a large library in Baghdad called the House of Wisdom. It housed Greek, Roman, and Indian works that were translated into Arabic.

6. Advances in Medicine
In Baghdad, the first pharmacies were established in They had the first trained pharmacists who sold herbs, spices and medicines to the public.
Avicenna:
Described how diseases spread through air and water.
Stress causes stomach problems.
Cancer can be cured through surgery.
There were many doctors that worked in traveling hospitals to give free treatment to people throughout the caliphate.

7. Mathematics Al Kwarizmi also: was a scholar in the House of Wisdom
Al Kwarizmi was born in 780 in Baghdad. He is considered the founder of algebra based on books he wrote about algebra and geometry.
Al Kwarizmi also:
was a scholar in the House of Wisdom
was among the first to use zero as a place holder
wrote a book about geography and used latitude and longitude more accurately than anyone before him

8. Al – Jazari wrote a book about water powered machines
Al – Jazari wrote a book about water powered machines. Muslims were very interested in the use of windmills and water wheels to irrigate crops to improve agricultural techniques throughout the Islamic Empire. Machines were powered by water and gravity and suction pulled the water through the machine. Air pressure would control how much water would flow from the tap.
Crusaders that traveled to the Middle East in the 1200s brought windmills back to Europe and introduced the use of windmills as a source of water.
Machines

9. Astronomy
Astronomy was very important because the Islamic calendar is based on the moon’s movements. Stars helped people determine direction. Muslims improved the astrolabe which was used to help determine direction. It was very useful to sailors to find their way at sea. Muslim cartographers used math to help make their maps more accurate. Their maps had lines, like latitude and longitude, to help determine climate regions and locations.

10. What unites Muslims?
The Arabic language and Islamic religion united all Muslims.

14. Ottoman Empire Before And After WWI

15. Islam Around the World