1. BIOMOLECULES

2. BIO = LIFE
So molecules TO BUILD LIFE!

3. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION…
Least complex To
Most complex

6. Today we will dig into the four macromolecules that are essential for life to exist.

7. What are biomolecules?
Large organic (have carbon) molecules that exist in all living things
Also known as Macromolecules (Macro=Large)
They are life's building blocks
All living things are formed from these molecules

8. SMALL TO BIG Mono= One Poly= Many Biomolecules cont….
Biomolecules start out small as monomers and you add on to them to build them up to become polymers
SMALL TO BIG
Mono= One
Poly= Many

9. What are the 4 biomolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
WE TYPICALLY GET BIOMOLECULES FROM FOOD…
THIS IS WHY WE MUST EAT IN THE FIRST PLACE!
THE BIOMOLECULES KEEP ORGANISMS ALIVE.

10. #1: CARBOHYDRATES
ARE SUGARS!

11. What are Carbohydrates?
Function: Primary (short term) energy
Structure: Ring shape
Examples: Chocolate, Bread, Pasta, Fruits, Vegetables (ALL FROM PLANTS!!!)
Elements: C, H, O (1:2:1 ratio)
Monomer (building block): Monosaccharides (Glucose is most common)
Polymer: Disaccharides (sucrose and lactose) and Polysaccharides (Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose)
IMPORTANT!

12. Sugars that make up Carbs
Single sugar: monosaccharide
Ex: glucose , fructose (in fruits)
2 monosaccharides: disaccharide
Ex: maltose, sucrose
3+ monosaccharides: polysaccharide
Ex: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
I am a polysaccharide!

13. Structure of Carbohydrates
Remember: Elements are C, H, and O
Primarily in a Ring shape (but not always) 2. 1. 3.

14. #2: LIPIDS
ARE FATS

15. Lipids
Function: Store energy, insulates your body, and make up the cell membrane!
Structure: Long chains
Example: Fat, oil, wax
Elements: C-H-O
Monomer (Building blocks): glycerol & 3 fatty acids
Polymer: Phospholipids, triglycerides

16. Lipid Structure Remember: Elements present are C, H, O
Long chains of Carbon and Hydrogen
Saturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats

17. Which of the following represents a lipid?2. 3. 1. 4.

18. CAN YOU ANSWER THE FOLLOWING?
What is the main difference in structure between a carb and lipid?
What is the main difference in function between a carb and lipid?

19. #3: PROTEINS
BUILD US

20. NITROGEN IS PRESENT, NOW!
Proteins
Function: Growth and repair of tissue
Structure: chains of amino acids that bend
Examples: fish, eggs, meat
Elements: C-H-O-N
Monomer (Building Block): amino acids (20 different ones!)
Polymers: enzymes and polypeptides
NITROGEN IS PRESENT, NOW!

21. Protein Structure Remember: Elements are C, H, O, and N
“R” groups represent one of the 20 Amino Acids! (so, each amino acid has something different in that spot)

22. Why are amino acids important?
When groups of amino acids are joined together a protein is formed
There are 20 kinds of amino acids
Peptide bonds form between amino acids
(polypeptide = many peptide bonds = protein!)

23. Which of the following represents an amino acid?2. 3. 1. 4.

24. #4: NUCLEIC ACIDS
These biomolecules are not
necessarily from food

25. Nucleic acids
Function: provide the instructions to make proteins and is our genetic information
Structure: double or single helix
Examples: DNA and RNA
Elements: C-H-O-N-P
Monomer: nucleotides
A nucleotide is made up of:
Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base: A, T, G, C, or U
Polymer: DNA, RNA and ATP
Energy carrier
Genetic code!
Recipe for proteins

26. Structure of Nucleic Acid

27. Which of the following represents a nucleotide?2. 3. 1. 4.