1. Dr. Soukaina Tawfiq Ryalat
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon,Jordan University Hospital,Assistant professor at Jordan University.
FFD ,Royal college of surgeons Ireland
Staff member,at Royal Adelaide Hospital\university 2005\2006.
Australia

2. Infection Control In Surgical Practise
Aseptic Techniques And Universal Precautions

3. * To perform surgery the dentist typically violates an epithelial surface.
* During most oral surgical procedures the dentist, assistant an equipments become contaminated with the patients blood and saliva

4. Universal precautions
Should be followed by ALL personnel ALL the times on ALL patients.
This applies to ALL personnel performing invasive procedures.

5. Bacteria
* Oral Cavity
*Nasal Cavity
*Facial Skin
Non Facial Skin

6. Viral Organisms Hepatitis viruses
Hepatitis B and D are spread by contact with any human secretions.
Minute quantities of the virus have been found capable of transmitting disease ( virions \ ml of blood)
The hepatitis virus is exceptionally resistant to desiccation and chemical disinfectants
Only about half of people infected with hepatitis ever have clinical signs and symptoms of the disease.

7. HIV virus
Few people carrying HIV secrete the virus in their saliva
HIV loses its infectivity once desiccated
Blood of HIV – positive patients has low concentrations of infectious particles

8. Mycobacteria TB is becoming common
TB is transmitted primarily through exhaled aerosols, during breathing ,coughing ,sneezing and speaking.
Mycobacterial organisms are highly resistant to desiccation and to most chemical disinfectants.
The organisms are sensitive to heat, ethylene oxide and to irradiation

9. Aseptic techniques Asepsis : Avoidance of sepsis
Medical asepsis: An attempt to keep patients, health care staff and objects free as possible of agents that cause infection.
Surgical asepsis: An attempt to prevent microbes from gaining access to surgically created wounds.
Antiseptics
Disinfictants
Sterilty
Decontamination

10. Methods of Sterilization
Physical agents:
*Heat
*Mechanical dislodgment
*Radiation
Chemical agents:
Antiseptics
Disinfictants
Ethylene oxide gas

11. Heat Sterilization Dry heat
Bacillus Stearothermophilus is extremely resistant to heat, there fore its used to test the reliability of heat steralization
* Warm up time of the oven
*Heat conductivity of the material
Air flow through the oven
Moist heat: more efficient than dry heat

14. Gaseous Sterilization
Ethylene oxide is the most commonly used gas , for its lethal action on bacteria.
Its highly flammable gas ,mixed with co2 or nitrogen to make it safer for use.
Used for sterilization of porous materials, large equipments, and materials sensitive for heat .
A need for aeration for 8-12 hours at 50 after sterilization

18. THANK YOU