1. By: Mark A. Gonzalez & Susan Pojer Bradenton Christian School
Ancient
and
Classical Rome
By: Mark A. Gonzalez & Susan Pojer Bradenton Christian School
Bradenton, Florida

2. The Geography of Rome

3. The History of
Ancient Italy

4. Italy in 750 BC

5. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing-never been deciphered
Religion
The Arch

6. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus
According to legend,
their mother was Rhea Silvia conceived the twins by the god Mars. Once the twins were born, they were abandoned to die in the Tiber river. They were saved by a series of miraculous interventions: the river carried them to safety, a she-wolf found and suckled them, and a woodpecker fed them. A shepherd and his wife found them and fostered them to manhood as simple shepherds. The twins, still ignorant of their true origins, proved to be natural leaders. Each acquired many followers. When they discovered the truth of their birth and chose to found a new city. In a power struggle, Romulus eventually killed Remus and the city was named “Rome” somewhere between BC.

7. The Roman
Republic:
509 BC - 27 BC

8. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians-land owning noblemen)
General Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians (90% of pop.)-all other free men)
More stable than Greek direct democracy
Structure of our US Govt modeled on this Roman Republic model

9. The Twelve Tables of Rome, 450 BC
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
Codified law similar to Hammurabi’s
Innocent until proven guilty
Eventually applied to all conquered areas
Established “Rule of
Law” in Rome
est. the lawyer
profession-Cicero-the
First great lawyer

10. The Roman Forum

11. Rome’s Early Road System-built by the Roman army

12. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

13. Roman Aqueducts

14. The Roman Colosseum

15. The Colosseum Interior and the the hypogeum below

16. The Punic Wars Rome vs. Carthaginian Empire

17. Hannibal’s Route (218-201 BC)
Rome’s conflicts w/ the Carthaginians-Punic wars
Hannibal destroyed many towns and villages almost conquered Rome
Romans eventually burned Carthage to the ground---Rome became the only power in the Mediterranean

18. Reforms after the Punic Wars
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
professional standing army.

19. Collapse of the Republic
Large influx of slaves-not enough jobs for poor Romans (plebians) on the
farms moved to cities
Led to overcrowding in the cities
Roman currency became devalued high inflation
Political Leaders fought amongst themselves—power of the Senate weakened
Power transferred to the Consul of 3 men-also called the 1st Triumvirate

20. The First Triumvirate 1. Julius Caesar 2. Marcus Crassus
3. Gaius Pompey

21. Collapse of the Republic: Senate v. Caesar’s followers
Julius Caesar
Pompey

22. Crossing the Rubicon River, 49 BC-a point of no return…
Crossing the Rubicon River, 49 BC-a point of no return….Julius Caesar symbolically began the Roman Empire
“The Die is Cast!”

23. Crossing the Rubicon River

24. “Beware the Ides of March!”-warned a seer 44 BC-Julius Assassinated!

26. The Second Triumvirate
1. Octavian Augustus
2. Marc Antony
3. Marcus Lepidus

27. The
Roman Empire:
27 BC CE (AD)

28. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor
Also known as Caesar Augustus
The emperor at the time of Jesus’ birth
Rome—the capital of Western world
Est. rule of law, common coinage, civil service and secure travel for merchants
Pax Romana (Roman Peace)-220 years of stability
Conquered peoples could maintain cultural identity

29. The First Roman Dynasty

30. Pax Romana: 27 BC –180 AD

31. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 AD

32. The Rise of Christianity

33. St. Paul: Christian Apostle to the Gentiles
Gospel spread by Paul and Jesus’ disciples
Grace through faith and salvation open to all who believe attracted many especially the poor and women
2nd major monotheistic religion
Spread throughout the entire empire by the 3rd century

34. The Spread of Christianity

35. Imperial Roman Road System-allowed for the easy spread of the gospel

36. Nero and the Great Persecution
Romans saw the new religion as a threat to its paganism and power
Emperor Nero began to persecute Christians
Open killings in Rome’s Colosseum
Failed to stop the spread of the gospel

37. Nero and the Great Persecution

39. SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY IN ASIA

41. The Empire in Crisis: 3rd c

42. The Empire in Crisis: 3rd c
2 Major Reasons for Collapse of the Roman Empire:
Internal-bad leaders, too big of an empire to manage
External- the Huns, Vandals and invasion of the Germanic tribes
Emp. Diocletian divided the empire to introduce economic reforms
Co-emperor w/ Constantine for a while

43. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

44. Constantine: 312 – 337 AD
Rose to power 306 AD as co-emperor, full control of the east by 322
set up full control of the empire at Constantinople
Christianity as the official religion of the empire---try to unify (Edict of Milan, 391 AD

45. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

46. Interregional Trade Networks

47. Roman to Asia Trade Routes overland converged at Constantinople
Sea routes to Indian Ocean
From central Asia-stirrups, rice, citrus, silk and spices from Asia, gold from Africa

48. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

49. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”
Led the nomadic Huns-from China to Germany
Both Romans and Germanic tribes resisted him
Attacked Rome
His victory showed the superiority of horsemen in warfare- the Greeks , Romans and Germanic tribes preferred infantry

50. The Center of Power shifts to Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

51. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

52. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

53. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government—US Constitution Roman Law
Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Roman Military Tactics still used
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement
Arch