1. Good day to you
Please get a chapter 5 study guide
Open your notebooks to your current journal page and have a pen

2. Journal 9/6
Which empire from chapter 4 seemed the most impressive to you? Why?

3. The Persian
Empire

4. The Persian Empire Achaemenid Empire
550 BCE to 330 BCE (conquered by Alexander)
Parthian Empire
247 BCE to 224 CE (conquered by Ardashir I)
Sassanid Empire
224 CE to 651 CE (conquered by Islamic Caliphates)

5. Cyrus the Great
580 – 529 B. C. E.
A tolerant ruler  he allowed different cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions.
The Greeks called him a “Law-Giver.”
The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.” (In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine).

6. Darius the Great (526 – 485 B. C. E.)
Built Persepolis.
He extended the Persian Empire to the Indus River in northern India. (2 mil. s.q. mi.)
Built a canal in Egypt.

7. Darius the Great (526 – 485 B. C. E.)
Established a tax-collecting system.
Divided the empire into districts called SATRAPIES.
Built the great Royal Road system.
Established a complex postal system.
Created a network of spies called “the King’s eyes and ears.”

8. Persian “Royal Road”

9. Ancient Persepolis

10. Ancient Persepolis

11. The People of Persepolis

12. TeotihuacÁn: A Classical city case-study
Largest Meso-American City of the Classical Era
Pop ≈ 150,000

13. Classical cities were economic centers for trade

14. Classical cities were centers for public religious ceremonies

15. Had pyramids and temples where human sacrifice was carried out.

16. pyramid of the moon

17. View from the pyramid of the moon
Pyramid of the sun

18. Classical cities were centers of political administrations for states and empires.

19. Forced relocation of farm families
Agri. innovation such as irrigation and chinampas.

20. - Apartment-like stone buildings housed commoners
- Elites lived in separate residential compounds and controlled the bureaucracy, taxes, and commerce.
- Ruled by alliances of wealthy families.
Commoners apartments
people lived here
Priests’ houses by Pyramid of the Sun

21. Imperial Administration

22. As an empire grows, it needs new methods of administration and defense.

23. Provincial system: ruled by a governor, backed up by troops

24. How did Rome defend its empire?
Diplomacy (ex: treaties with Germanic Tribes)
Fortifications (ex: fortresses, Hadrian’s Wall, etc)
Roads and Supply lines
Drafting new soldiers (ex: from Germanic tribes)

25. Obituary of Empires

26. Persian Empire (Achaemenid) lived 550 BCE – c.330 BCE
Cause of death:
Conquered by Alexander the Great
Survived by: Centralized imperial bureaucracy, eventually the Parthian dynasty, Zoroastrianism

27. Alexander the Great’s Empire
Cause of death:
Alexander died = empire split among 3 generals
Survived by: spread of Greek culture (Hellenism)

28. Split of Alexander’s Empire

29. Hellenistic era: 330 BCE – 30BCE
Greek and Buddhist art

30. Western Roman Empire lived c.500 BCE - 476 CE
Cause of death:
Barbarian invasions (Germanic tribes)
Weakened by political Instability (26 emperors, CE)
Empire was Overextended and Expensive
Weakened by social Inequality (large landowning families + peasants became tenant farmers = less gov’t authority)
Weakened by epidemic disease (population fell by 25% after 250CE) = economic decline
Weakened by cultural decline
Survived by: Christianity, Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire, decentralized Western European kingdoms

31. External problems along their frontiers

33. Han China lived c.200BCE – 220CE
Cause of death:
Weakened by nomadic invasions (Xiongnu)
Weakened by rivalries(eunuchs v. Confucian scholars)
Decline of peasantry = Yellow Turban Rebellion (emperor lost real control, generals gained control)
Survived by: 350 years of disorder & war, eventual reunified empire under the Sui, Confucianism, Buddhism, civil service system

34. External problems along their frontiers

35. Environmental Damage, ex: silted rivers

36. Teotihuacan lived c.200 CE – c.800 CE
Cause of death:
Fire? Possibly caused by an uprising?
Nomadic people to the north?
Survived by: cultural legacy to other Mesoamerican cultures