1. 1. Why did the alignment of nations (east vs west) affect the relationship of European nations?
It established a political division between Eastern and Western Europe.

2. 2. What were the Soviet protectionist trade policies in the late 1940s?
Not to trade with others because of the devastation that the country had experienced in World war II

3. Soviet troops were already there in Eastern Europe
3. How did the Soviets gain control over Eastern European nations immediately after World War II?
Soviet troops were already there in Eastern Europe

4. Airlift supplies into closed off Berlin
4. How did the Americans and British respond to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948?
Airlift supplies into closed off Berlin

5. 5. How did the Cold War affect American life?
Fear of communism created a climate of suspicion in the nation.

6. Invested more money in science education
6. How did the United States respond to the Soviet launch of Sputnik I?
Invested more money in science education

7. 7. What is the Arms Race? Who was “racing”?
Stockpiling of nuclear weapons by the superpowers- U.S. and Soviet Union

8. 8. What scientific advancements resulted from the Cold War arms race?
Space Exploration

9. 9. What happened during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. Closest we have come to nuclear war.

10. Truman Doctrine- help countries that wanted to reject communism
10. Which approach did Truman propose in order to meet the challenges to postwar Europe?
Truman Doctrine- help countries that wanted to reject communism

11. Keep communism where it is and not let it spread
11. What did the United States government aim to achieve through containment of Communism?
Keep communism where it is and not let it spread

12. 12. What were the results of the Korean War? Who won?
The war ended in a compromise. Border of North and South Korea went back to the 38th parallel. Communism was contained to North Korea.

13. 13. Why did the United States government consider involvement in the Korean War as necessary?
To contain Communism

14. 14. Why was the Vietnam War length and difficulty?
The South Vietnamese government was widely unpopular.

15. What was the Domino Theory?
If communism isn’t stopped, it will spread

16. 16. What is the Cultural Revolution in China?
Cultural revolution pushed China toward the final stage of communism and also allowed China overcome its past, especially humiliations previously suffered.

17. 17. Why did China’s relations with the Soviet Union become strained?
The Soviet Union refused to attack Taiwan on behalf of China.

18. 18. Who is Mikhail Gorbachev?
Leader of the Soviet Union

19. 19. What is glasnost?
An “openness” to Soviet society and lifting of restrictions on freedoms

20. Economic reforms or restructuring introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev
20. What is perestroika?
Economic reforms or restructuring introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev

21. President of the United States in the 1980’s
21. Who is Ronald Reagan?
President of the United States in the 1980’s

22. What did President Reagan do to diminish Soviet global influence?
Supporting anti-communist movements in Latin America

23. What was President Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy regarding communism?
Moving away from the policy of Détente or moving away from trying to have good relations

24. How did the people of the USSR including Poland respond to difficult economic problems brought on by policies of the communist government?
They voted for Solidarity leaders in free elections. Solidarity was people protesting for reforms

25. What caused the eventual fall of the Soviet Union?
The collapse of a flawed economic system

26. What caused the fall of communism in Eastern Europe?
Overwhelming popular demand for reforms

27. How did the Lech Walesa prompt a change in Soviet control and influence in the late 1980s?
He led to the first free elections in Eastern Europe since the Communists took power.

28. How did Pope John Paul II contribute to the end of the Cold War?
He encouraged unity among Polish labor workers.