1. Domain 5 Flashcards
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Modern Era

2. 151 Cold War Refers to competition between US and USSR from 1945-1991.
Led to: Arms Race and Space Race

3. 152 Sputnik 1957 – Soviets launched first man-made satellite
The US was afraid of losing the Space Race so we responded by:
Increasing funding for math and science education
Creating NASA

4. Containment
153
The Soviet Union tried to spread communism and the U.S. tried to stop, or contain it to the areas where it already existed in Europe and Asia.

5. 154
U.S. foreign policy announced by Pres. Truman that the U.S. would send economic and military aid to nations resisting communist takeover.
Truman Doctrine

6. 155 Marshall Plan Officially called the European Recovery Program.
It was designed to help poor, war-torn countries in western Europe to rebuild and avoid communist takeover.
Marshall
Plan

7. 156 Korean War China became communist after the Chinese Civil War.
When communist North Korea tried to take over South Korea, the U.S. went to war to help South Korea.
Korea remained divided at the 38th parallel.

8. 157
Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed there were communists in the U.S. government, military, and Hollywood.
Led a “witch hunt” known as McCarthyism to accuse suspected communists.
McCarthyism

9. 158
1956 – Led the Cuban Revolution to take over Cuba, allied himself with the Soviets, and turned Cuba into a communist nation.
Fidel Castro

10. 159
1961 – Cuban exiles who were trained by the American CIA invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs.
The invasion failed and increased Cold War tensions.
Bay of Pigs Invasion

11. 160
Oct – USSR had nuclear missiles in Cuba aimed at the US.
JFK ordered a blockade and threatened to invade Cuba unless the Soviets removed the missiles.
Soviets agreed to remove their missiles and the US removed missiles from Turkey so the nuclear standoff ended.
Cuban Missile Crisis

12. 161
Vietnam War
US entered the Vietnam War as part of the Containment Policy to help South Vietnam fight against communist North Vietnam and the Vietcong (communist guerilla fighters living in South Vietnam).
President Eisenhower feared the “Domino Theory”.

13. 162 Tet Offensive Began January 1968.
Lasted 8 months and was the Vietcong’s largest and most damaging campaign.
Caused many Americans to start opposing the Vietnam W`ar.

14. 163
Baby Boom
During the decade after WWII record number of babies were born in the U.S.
Largest generation in American history.

15. 164
1st master planned community because the baby boom created need for houses.
Levittown was located in Long Island, NY.
Levittown

16. 165
Passed by Congress to protect and reward returning WWII soldiers.
Provided education grants and low interest loans.
GI Bill of Rights

17. 166 National Interstate and Defense Highways Act
Pres. Eisenhower authorized 41,000 miles of expressways to be built.
Connected every major city in America and strengthened our nation’s defense.

18. 167. Impact of television in the 1960s
Television influenced:
Politics (JFK/Nixon debate)
Civil Rights (support)
Space Race (moon landing)
Vietnam (opposition)

19. 168
Truman’s Integration of Military
1948 – President Truman issued an executive order to end segregation in the military.
Led to civil rights laws in the 1960s.

20. Brown vs. Board of Education
169
Supreme Court Case that integrated public schools.
Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).
Brown vs Board of Education

21. 170 Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil Rights leader
Wrote “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” to explain why civil rights needed to be achieved now and not later.
Delivered “I Have a Dream” speech to ask for peace and racial harmony.
Est. the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Assassinated in April 1968
170
Martin Luther King, Jr.

22. 171 SCLC and SNCC SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Civil Rights group started by MLK, Jr. and other ministers.
Non-violent tactics. Black and white membership.
SNCC – Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
Civil Rights group started by college students.
Sit-ins and Freedom Rides. Originally non-violent, but later became militant and violent.
Originally allowed black and white members, but later only black members and a message of “black power”.

23. 172 Civil Rights Legislation
Civil Rights Act of Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender.
Voting Rights Act of Outlawed literacy tests for voter registration and provided federal money to oversee voting.
Civil Rights Legislation

24. 173 John F. Kennedy’s assassination
Showed that the US govt was strong enough to survive a presidential assassination.
Lyndon B. Johnson became president and had the support of the people to force his own agenda (Great Society)
173
John F. Kennedy’s assassination

25. 174 Johnson’s Great Society LBJ’s vision for America:
To give Americans a better standard of living and more opportunities.
Medicare
Improved education.
Environmental protection.
Immigration reform (repealed Emergency Quota Act of 1921)
174
Johnson’s Great Society

26. 175 The year 1968 January – Tet Offensive
April – MLK, Jr. assassination
June – Robert Kennedy assassination
August – The Democratic National Convention turns violent in Chicago
November – Nixon elected
The year 1968

27. 176
The National Organization for Women (NOW) was established to promote equal rights and opportunities for women.
The women’s movement originated from the Civil Rights and Anti-Vietnam War movements.
NOW

28. Anti-Vietnam War Movement
177
Vietnam turned into a stalemate lasting approximately 10 years (1963 – 1973).
Many protested against the war, especially American youths.
Protesters used these tactics: sit-ins, marches, demonstrations, burning draft cards, fleeing to Canada.
Anti-Vietnam War Movement

29. 178 Cesar Chavez Founder of the United Farm Worker’s Movement
Started a national boycott of California grapes to force grape growers to give migrant workers better wages and benefits.
Cesar Chavez

30. 179 Environmental Movement
1962 – Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring, a book about the dangerous effects of pesticides on the environment.
Her work led to:
Water Quality Act of 1965
1st Earth Day in 1970
creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970.
Environmental Movement

31. 180 Conservative movement
Conservatives began questioning the liberal policies of the Democratic party.
Conservatives wanted to decrease federal govt. powers (such as social welfare) and increase powers to the state and local governments.
Popular conservatives were Barry Goldwater, Richard Nixon, and Ronald Reagan.
Conservative movement

32. Impact of Technology in the 1970s
181
Impact of Technology in the 1970s
Expanded telephone coverage, personal computers, the Internet, and cell phones allow unlimited connections worldwide.

33. 182
Visited communist China to establish trade agreements.
First US president to visit the Soviet Union.
1974 – Resigns to avoid impeachment over the Watergate Scandal. The only president to resign from office. As a result, Americans become angry and mistrusting of politicians and lawyers.
Nixon’s Presidency

34. 183 Ford’s Presidency Became President when Nixon resigned.
Pardoned Nixon after taking office, which hurt his approval among the American people and he only served as president for 2 years.
The US experienced the worst economic recession since the Great Depression while Ford was in office.
Ford’s Presidency

35. 184
Negotiated a peace agreement between Egypt and Israel known as the Camp David Accords and was the first signed peace agreement between Middle Eastern nations.
1979 – Iranian Revolution occurs which led to the Iranian Hostage Crisis.
Carter’s Presidency

36. 185
Iranian Revolutionaries overthrew the Shah and replaced him with a Muslim religious leader.
When Pres. Carter allowed the Shah to enter the US for medical treatments, the Iranian revolutionaries invaded the US embassy and took 52 American hostages.
1979 Iranian Revolution

37. 186
When the former Iranian Shah comes to the US, the Iranian revolutionaries kidnap 52 Americans and hold them hostage in exchange for the Shah.
President Carter refuses and the hostages are held for 444 days until Reagan takes office.
Iran Hostage Crisis

38. 187
Reaganomics – Cut taxes and increased defense spending. Hurt lower-income Americans and led to a recession.
Iran-Contra Scandal - US secretly sold weapons to Iran in order to help fund the Contras in Nicaragua. Reagan’s biggest failure in international policy.
Collapse of the Soviet Union - Reagan’s biggest success. Berlin Wall is torn down, Soviet Union collapses and the Cold War is officially over.
Reagan’s Presidency

39. 188
NAFTA was passed.
Clinton was the 2nd president to ever be impeached.
He was charged with perjury and obstruction of justice.
He was acquitted and remained in office.
Clinton’s Presidency

40. 189 Terrorist Attacks 9/11/2001 led to:
Patriot Act – Allows the US govt. to hold suspected terrorists up to 7 days without charging them, allows the government to search private communications, and established the Department of Homeland Security.
Operation Enduring Freedom – US goes into Afghanistan to remove the Taliban because they harbor terrorists.
Operation Iraqi Freedom – US went into Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein and look for weapons of mass destruction.
189
George W. Bush’s Presidency

41. 2008 Election
190
Democrat Barak Obama won against Republican John McCain.
First black president.
Campaigned on “Hope and Change” platform. Served 2 terms.
Highlights: Osama bin Laden was killed and Healthcare Reform was passed (Obamacare).
Led to conservative movement among Obama’s opponents.