1. Adult learning Dr. A. M. Kadri Associate Professor,
A Presentation Originally Created by Nancy B. Clark, M.Ed., Florida State University College of Medicine
Dr. A. M. Kadri
Associate Professor,
Community Medicine Department, PDU Govt. Medical College, Rajkot.

2. Adult Learning
what is it?

3. Adult learning

4. Childhood Learning Rote memory Repetition Testing as feedback
Gathering building blocks
Vertical and additive?

5. Adult Learning Conceptual Contextual Continuous
Horizontal and integrated?

6. Andragogy Vs Pedagogy The art & science of teaching Adults Vs Child
Process-based rather Vs
Content-based

7. Androgogy vs. Pedagogy Pedagogy Androgogy Formal
Learners are dependent and directed by teacher
Evaluation is external (teachers, tests)
Learners extrinsically motivated (grades)
Androgogy
Informal and cooperative
Learners are independent and
self-directed
Evaluation through self-assessment
Learners
intrinsically motivated
In the next two slides, I hope to further distinguish these two terms for you, by contrasting pedagogy, the learning of childhood, with andogogy, which Knowles argues characterizes adult learning.
Contrast lists….go back and forth
Go to next page….

8. Androgogy vs. Pedagogy Pedagogy Androgogy Learners inexperienced
Value learning that is put upon them
Learning centers on a particular subject
Androgogy
Learners have own rich experience, used as a resource
Value learning that is relevant to every day life
Learning centers on a particular problem
Contrast lists….go back and forth
These lists draw attention to an important theme which is that adult learners are truly autonomous and driven by their own aims

9. Understanding the Adult learners…
Have a foundation of life experiences and knowledge
Are relevancy-oriented
Are practical
Problem centered
Are goal-oriented

10. Understanding the Adult learners…
Are more independent
Self-directed
Need to be respected
Need feedback

11. Principles of Andragogy
Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction.
Experience (including mistakes) provides the basis for learning activities.
Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life.
Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-oriented.
Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in Action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

12. Adult Learning Principles
Capitalize on the experience of participants.
Adapt to the aging limitations of the participants.
Adults should be challenged to move to increasingly advanced stages of personal development.
Adults should have as much choice as possible in the availability and organization of learning programs.
Cross, K.P. (1981). Adults as Learners. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

13. Adult Learning Principles
Arnold et al (1991) state that among adult learners, people retain:
20% of what they hear
30% of what they see
50% of what they see and hear
70% of what they see, hear and say
90% of what they see, hear, say and do

14. Making learning active by applying principles of adult learning

15. And….
While you are brought here because you are teachers, don’t forget that you are also adult learners.
Whatever you wrote on that notecard is your self-motivating force, your relevant problem or challenge, and the thing that you will evaluate yourself by. So make sure to keep whatever is on your notecard in mind as you direct your course so that you can continue to learn, even as you teach. I wish you much luck and I am happy to take your questions!

16. “A teacher can never truly teach, unless he is still learning himself”

17. What is your Motivations for Learning?

18. Adult learning Winston Churchill
“Personally, I'm always ready to learn, although I do not always like being taught ”
Winston Churchill

19. Anetol CME Slides