1. Use Cases for Vertical Industries: the ONE5G Perspective
Telefónica
October 26th, 2017

2. ONE5G: E2E-aware Optimizations and advancements for the Network Edge of 5G New Radio
The European-funded 5GPPP project ONE5G tackles the design of advanced air-interface technologies and optimizations from an end-to-end (E2E) perspective for 5G, beyond the first standard release (3GPP Release 15)
14 partners, 8 M€ and 2 years (5G PPP Phase 2)
Coordinator: Nokia Bell Labs (Frank Schaich)
The project aims at researching advanced link enhancements beyond Release 15, moving 5G to “5G advanced”, including optimizations for both the network operator and the E2E user-experienced performance, with special focus on verticals
This contribution presents an agreed set of scenarios, use cases, services and associated KPIs corresponding to several of the most promising verticals
The slideset is available for download at the Project’s web page:

3. Two scenarios are considered: “Megacities” and “Underserved Areas”
A scenario is defined as a particular environment where certain conditions are met (in terms of urban furniture, orography, access to public infrastructure, density of users, etc.)
ONE5G is currently analyzing two broad scenarios:
Megacities, a highly populated metropolitan area, characterized by:
High-end customers (individual and businesses)
High area throughputs and connection densities
Underserved Areas, with insufficient or no wireless connection at all, because of:
Insufficiently attractive business case
Challenging operational conditions

4. Objectives Standard Dissemination Scenarios PoCs Cost Link enablers
Megacities
Underserved Areas
Cost
System-Level simulations and PoCs
technical recommendations for moving 5G towards “5G advanced”
Dissemination
TA1 - Future proof multi-service access solutions
Cost analysis and optimization
Link enablers
TA2 - Massive MIMO enablers
TA3 -Advanced link management based on multi-cell processing
TA4 - Optimized multi-link management for improved E2E performance
E2E performance
TA5 - Network and user-experienced E2E performance optimization and context awareness
Obj.7 : To produce a high number of valuable contributions to relevant conferences and printing media (>50), a reasonable amount of IPR (>10) and partner specific standardization contribution

5. ONE5G has identified seven most promising verticals3 2 4
+ Smart Cities
+ Transport and Logistics
+ Wellness 5 1
+ eOffices + 6
Agriculture + 7
Disasters & Public Safety

6. Level of maturity w.r.t. 3GPP/other
Use cases are characterized by a set of requirements in the form of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
No.
Use Case
Vertical business
Level of maturity w.r.t. 3GPP/other
Service categories 1
Assisted, cooperative and tele-operated driving
Automotive
High (TR )
all 2
Time-critical factory processes and logistics optimisation (industry and smart airports)
Factories, Transport and Logistics
High (TS ) 3
Non time-critical processes and logistics (factories and smart cities)
Smart Cities and Energy
High (TR and TR )
mMTC 4
Long range connectivity in remote areas with smart farming application
Agriculture
High (TR )
eMBB, mMTC 5
Outdoor hotspots and smart offices with AR/VR and media applications
Media, Entertainment and eOffice
High (TR , TS , …)
eMBB 6
Live Event Experience
High (TS , TS , …) 7
Health/wellness monitoring
eHealth and Wellness
Low
mMTC, UR(LL)C 8
Smart grid, connected lighting and energy infrastructure
Med (eg: TR and TR ) 9
Ad-hoc airborne platforms for disasters and emergencies
Disasters and Public Safety
High (Study Item on NR to support non-terrestrial networks)
eMBB/mMTC
Cooperative driving between vehicles and between them and infrastructure
core u/c
secondary u/c

7. Most relevant KPIs in Assisted/co-operative/tele-operated driving
Megacities/Underserved Areas
3 service types are considered:
Assisted driving aided by roadside infrastructure
The roadside units (RSU) will enable ultra-high reliability and very low latencies but vehicles will be able to communicate even without this support.
Cooperative driving between nearby vehicles
Car-to-car (or V2V) communications, again URLLC requirements plus data integrity and rapid authentications. This will allow communications even without network support.
Tele-operated driving
Remote driving capability for situations where human operations are too hazardous or impractical. URLLC requirements for controlling the vehicle but also eMBB in the uplink to view UHD/3D video to facilitate operational success.
Key parameters:
URLLC – U plane reliability (99.999%), U plane min. E2E latency (5ms for service #1, 1ms for service#2).
Carrier freq.- below 6GHz (likely ETSI ITS bands), bandwidth – up to 200MHz for eNB, 100MHz for RSU/ V2V
Cell sizes –500m for urban, 1732m for underserved (highways), supporting up to 1000 vehicles
Tx powers – eNB-46, RSU-23, UE-23 dBm, Antenna configs – eNB upto 256, UE upto 8.

8. Feasibility of the requirements in light of 3GPP Release 15 progress
The main concern is the reliability dimension that is implicit in many of the selected use cases
E.g.: %, % and even higher are being considered for use cases 1 and 2
Release 15 will support low-latency, but reliability aspects will not be fully developed until Release 16
Latency can be met by bringing network functions (RAN + Core) close to the user
MEC, and the use of mini-slots in NR, will help reduce latencies
However, ad-hoc deployments tailored to specific needs (like e.g. reduced latency) are not cost-effective
The wide range of KPIs demands proper support of end-to-end network slicing
However, little progress is expected in Release 15
The impact of slicing on the RAN (including devices) is still unclear, but should be fully developed in Release 16

9. Summary and conclusions
Nine use cases are proposed in ONE5G that capture the most promising 5G applications
All of them try to illustrate how lifes and work can benefit from 5G (in aspects such as transport, industries, smart cities, agriculture or entertainment, to name a few)
Supporting many of these use cases requires careful attention to latency and reliability aspects
These topics will be considered in Release 16 for submission to IMT-2020, and companies in ONE5G will make contributions to the 3GPP Working Groups and other SDOs based on the technical work carried out in the project

10. References
3GPP TR , “Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies”
3GPP TR , “Study on enhancement of 3GPP support for 5G V2X services”
3GPP TR , “Service requirements for next generation new services and markets”
3GPP TR , “Feasibility Study on New Services and Markets Technology Enablers (SMARTER)”
5G PPP Infrastructure Association: White Paper on Factories of the Future, available at:
NGMN Alliance White Paper on 5G Requirements, Available at:
Siemens position paper “5G communication networks: Vertical industry requirements”, available at:

11. Annex I: Details on the terminology, verticals and use cases

12. Terminology: service categories, use cases, services…
A service category is a set of services that share some common characteristics in terms of connectivity
Three categories defined by ITU: eMBB, mMTC and URLLC (FWA is sometimes added as a fourth one)
Services within each category may not have the same KPIs, but at least they share some basic parameters
A use case is a real-life application that can cover one or more service categories (eMBB, mMTC, URLLC)
A given use case can support different services, belonging to one or more service categories
A service can be provided within a use case and scenario, with particular characteristics in terms of KPIs
E.g. UR/VR applications, UHD video, factory control, etc.
Each service should have clearly identified KPIs

13. …and vertical businesses/applications
A vertical business/application is a set of services that also share some characteristics, although not necessarily linked with connectivity
E.g. the Automotive vertical comprises services from all three categories: infotainment (eMBB), driving assistance (URLLC), sensors (mMTC)…
ONE5G has identified seven most promising verticals:
Automotive: communications between vehicles and between them and pedestrians, roadside and network infrastructure
Factories, Transport and Logistics: automation of factories to provide substantial efficiency gains, thanks to the optimization of processes
Smart Cities and Energy: smart utilities and energy supply infrastructure, with very large densities of sensors (thousands/km2) and tight constraints on battery life (several years) and reliability
Agriculture: smart farming applications addressing sensors over very long ranges (tens of km)
eHealth and Wellness: critical health monitoring or watch-dogging disadvantaged people
Media, Entertainment and eOffice: gaming applications, Live Events, AR/VR and Smart Offices
Disasters and Public Safety: ad-hoc network deployments for disasters, using drones, HAPs, etc.

14. Six “Core” 5G use cases with major relevance and societal impact…
Assisted, cooperative and tele-operated driving
Assisted driving aided by roadside infrastructure, cooperative driving between vehicles and between them and infrastructure, and remote driving
Time-critical factory processes and logistics optimization (industry and smart airports)
Factory/process automation, motion control, automated guided vehicles/robots, and smart transport hub
Non time-critical processes and logistics (factories and smart cities)
Production and logistics processes, quality control for factories, traffic/pollution management, city automation…
Long range connectivity in remote areas with smart farming application
Provision of basic services to remote areas over long distances, including automated/smart farming for crops, livestock…
Outdoor hotspots and smart offices with AR/VR and media applications
Outdoor/Indoor hotspots in dense urban areas and city centers, including smart indoor/home offices
Live Event Experience
AR/VR and video streaming over live events with large user densities

15. …plus three “Secondary” 5G use cases with significant potential
Health/wellness monitoring
Health-related services, like measurement of patient’s health status or watch-dog devices for elder people
Smart grid, connected lighting and energy infrastructure
Reliable data collection and transmission for efficient interaction with the electricity smart grid
Ad-hoc airborne platforms for disasters and emergencies
Drones or High-Altitude Platforms (HAP) for messaging, AR/VR and assistance in disaster situations
The set of nine use cases comprise the main 5G use cases that are foreseen to be most relevant over the identified vertical businesses
Each use case is characterized by a set of requirements in the form of Key Performance IndicatorsKPIs (see Annex)
KPIs can either refer to part of the deployment (e.g. radio segment), or be specified E2E
In addition, Key Quality Indicators (KQIs) can better characterize the E2E performance

16. Annex II: additional information about ONE5G project

17. Objectives
Scenarios
Megacities
Underserved Areas
Obj.1 : Propose the necessary 5G extensions, from the performance and cost perspectives, in order to address the two selected scenarios

18. Objectives Scenarios Link enablers
Megacities
Underserved Areas
TA1 - Future proof multi-service access solutions
Obj.3 : Propose advanced link technologies and enhancements beyond Rel.15 to enable multi-service operation and practical implementation of « 5G advanced (pro) », with future-proof access schemes, advanced Massive MIMO enablers and link management
Link enablers
TA2 - Massive MIMO enablers
TA3 -Advanced link management based on multi-cell processing

19. Objectives Scenarios Link enablers E2E performance
Megacities
Underserved Areas
TA1 - Future proof multi-service access solutions
Link enablers
TA2 - Massive MIMO enablers
TA3 -Advanced link management based on multi-cell processing
TA4 - Optimized multi-link management for improved E2E performance
Obj.4 : Develop highly generic performance optimization schemes for 5G NR, in order to achieve successful deployment and operation, including optimizations for both the network operator and the E2E user-experienced performance
E2E performance
TA5 - Network and user-experienced E2E performance optimization and context awareness

20. Cost analysis and optimization
Objectives
Scenarios
Megacities
Underserved Areas
Cost
TA1 - Future proof multi-service access solutions
Cost analysis and optimization
Link enablers
TA2 - Massive MIMO enablers
Obj.5 : To identify the cost driving elements for the roll-out and operation and to propos adaptations to allow sustainable provision of wireless services in underserved areas under constrained circumstances
TA3 -Advanced link management based on multi-cell processing
TA4 - Optimized multi-link management for improved E2E performance
E2E performance
TA5 - Network and user-experienced E2E performance optimization and context awareness

21. System-Level simulations and PoCs Cost analysis and optimization
Objectives
Scenarios
PoCs
Megacities
Underserved Areas
Cost
System-Level simulations and PoCs
TA1 - Future proof multi-service access solutions
Cost analysis and optimization
Link enablers
TA2 - Massive MIMO enablers
Obj.6 : To validate the developed extensions and modifications through different approaches : analytically, by means of extensive simulations and with proof-of-concepts for selected aspects
TA3 -Advanced link management based on multi-cell processing
TA4 - Optimized multi-link management for improved E2E performance
E2E performance
TA5 - Network and user-experienced E2E performance optimization and context awareness

22. Objectives Standard Scenarios PoCs Cost Link enablers E2E performance
Megacities
Underserved Areas
Cost
System-Level simulations and PoCs
technical recommendations for moving 5G towards “5G advanced”
TA1 - Future proof multi-service access solutions
Cost analysis and optimization
Link enablers
TA2 - Massive MIMO enablers
Obj.2 : Build consensus and provide technical recommendations for moving 5G towards « 5G advanced  (pro)», for input to 3GPP for Releases 16 and 17
TA3 -Advanced link management based on multi-cell processing
TA4 - Optimized multi-link management for improved E2E performance
E2E performance
TA5 - Network and user-experienced E2E performance optimization and context awareness

23. Objectives Standard Dissemination Scenarios PoCs Cost Link enablers
Megacities
Underserved Areas
Cost
System-Level simulations and PoCs
technical recommendations for moving 5G towards “5G advanced”
Dissemination
TA1 - Future proof multi-service access solutions
Cost analysis and optimization
Link enablers
TA2 - Massive MIMO enablers
TA3 -Advanced link management based on multi-cell processing
TA4 - Optimized multi-link management for improved E2E performance
E2E performance
TA5 - Network and user-experienced E2E performance optimization and context awareness
Obj.7 : To produce a high number of valuable contributions to relevant conferences and printing media (>50), a reasonable amount of IPR (>10) and partner specific standardization contribution

24. Implementation into WPs
WP1 – Management
WP6 - Dissemination, Exploitation and Standardization
WP3 - E2E multi-service performance optimization
Optimized multi-link management for improved E2E performance
ScenariosKPIs
Network and user-experienced E2E performance optimization and context awareness
PoC scenarios
WP2 - System Requirements, Integration, and Evaluation
SL evaluation
WP5 - Proof of Concept and Trials
PoC components
WP4 - Multi-antenna access and link enhancement
TE analysis
Future proof multi-service access solutions
PoC platforms
Massive MIMO enablers
Advanced link management based on multi-cell processing

25. Interactions between WPs

26. Proof of Concept (PoC) System-level simulations
partner-wise evaluation of techniques and integration into WINGS system level simulator
7 testbeds, integrated into 5 Proof-of-Concepts

27. Thanks! Questions?
Part of this work has been performed in the framework of the Horizon 2020 project ONE5G (ICT ) receiving funds from the European Union. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues in the project, although the views expressed in this contribution are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the project.