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BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING

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Presentation on theme: "BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING"— Presentation transcript:

1 BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING

2 BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING
Bone and cartilage = 2 strongest and most supportive tissues Embryos = all hyaline cartilage entirely replaced in young child by bone the only cartilage remaining in adult is in nose, ears, parts of ribs, joints

3 BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING
Bone formation = ossification except for flat bones, hyaline cartilage serves as a template 2 step process hyaline cartilage template is completely covered with bone matrix by osteoblasts (bone forming cells) enclosed cartilage is digested away leaving the medullary cavity

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5 BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING
By birth, only 2 hyaline cartilage areas remain articular cartilage – stays for life Epiphyseal plates – provide longitudinal growth for childhood

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7 BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING
As new cartilage is continually formed on external face of articular cartilage the old underneath is broken down and replaced by bony matrix. controlled by growth hormones and sex hormones ends during adolescence as epiphyseal plates are converted to bone

8 BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING
Bone is dynamic (not static) remodeling in response to Calcium levels in blood Pull of gravity and muscles on skeleton calcium levels drop → parathyroid releases PTH → activates osteoclasts (bone destroying cells) → break down matrix → release calcium → calcium levels are homeostatic calcium levels are too high → calcium is deposited in bone matrix as calcium salts

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10 BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING
Remodeling – occurs at sites where bones bear the most weight and where bulky muscles are attached, projections are formed Osteoblasts lay down new matrix and become trapped in it; once trapped = osteocytes

11 BONE FORMATION, GROWTH AND REMODELING
control of this process PTH determine IF bone is to be broken down in response to need for more calcium in blood stresses of muscles and gravity determine WHERE bone matrix is to be broken down or formed

12 HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES
Rickets Lack of calcium or vitamin D needed to absorb calcium

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