1. Improvement of beam current in KIRAMS-13 using upgrade of
ion source system
Hong Jin Lee, W.K Lee, J.H Park, B.C Lee, I.W Lee
Cyclotron center
Department of Nuclear Medicine
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital

2. CONTENTS CYCLOTRON SNUBH KIRAMS -13 SNUBH KIRAMS -13 OF UPGRADE
RESULTS & CONCLUSION

3. Ⅰ. CYCLOTRON Particle accelerator for nuclear reaction
First developed by Lawrence, USA, 1932
Produce positron emission radio isotopes (11C, 13N , 15 O,18 F)
KIRAMS-13 (Accelerate Hydrogen Ion (H-) up to 13 MeV)

4. Profile of Cyclotron workingH+ H-
Carbon (stripper) foils
2e-
Extraction System
18F-
Ion Source H-

5. Cyclotron Main Structure and Function
- Ion Source : Generate hydrogen Ion (H- )
- Magnet : Make hydrogen ion bend
- RF System : Accelerate charged particle (A/C. sign wave 77.3MHz) in electro-field
Beam Extraction : Extract protons by carbon foil
Target : Bombardment (protons collide target material)
Others
Cooling System
Vacuum System

6. Ion source system Hydrogen ion (H-)
Injection of hydrogen gas into Ion plasma column
Generating hydrogen ion (plasma) under high Arc
Exhausting H- ion only through anode slit
Chimney
H2 gas

7. II. KIRAMS -13 Capacity Model KIRAMS-13 GE PETtrace IBA 18/9 Cyclotron
SIMENCE
Eclipse HP
Energy
[Mev]
12.5
16.5 18 11
18F- [mCi/Hr]
900~1,000
5,000
8,000
2,500
Average Beam Current
Proton: 30uA
Proton: 80uA
Deutron: 60uA
Proton: >100uA
Deutron: 35uA
Proton: 60uA
Target
F-18
C-11
F-18, C-11
N-13, O-15

8. ⅡI. SNUBH KIRAMS -13 UPGRADE
Upgrade of Ion Source Factors
Chimney Internal Diameter
Chimney Slit Length
Change of Hydrogen Gas Inlet Position
Chimney
H2 gas

9. 1. Chimney internal diameter
Condition
RF = 60% , Gas = 5 sccm , ARC = 1.2 A
Chimney (Internal diameter)
6.3
6.5
6.8
7.0
7.5
8.0
9.0
Beam Current (uA) 38 40 42 45 50 49
 The best internal diameter in chimney was 8.0

10. 2. Chimney slit length 기존 0.6 x 4mm Condition
RF = 60% , Gas = 5 sccm , ARC = 1.2 A
Chimney (Slit Length) 4 5 3
Beam Current (uA) 40 35
These results were demonstrated under chimney internal diameter 6.8
The slit length was not dependent on increasing beam current

11. 3. Change of hydrogen gas injection position
H2 gas
H2 gas
Chimney

12. Lower Both Upper Condition RF = 80% , Gas = 6 sccm , ARC = 2.2 A
Hydrogen Gas Inlet Position
Condition
RF = 80% , Gas = 6 sccm , ARC = 2.2 A
Gas Inlet
Lower
Upper
Both
Beam Current Max. (uA) 88 91 90
 Beam current was dependent on gas inlet position (Upper > Both > Lower)

13. Life cycle of cathode Lower Both Upper Condition
Hydrogen Gas Inlet Position
Condition
RF = 70% , Gas = 4 sccm , ARC = 1.8 A
Gas Inlet
Lower
Upper
Both
Cathode Life Cycle
(# of irradiation)
50 ± 6
In testing
90 ± 5

14. III. Upgrade of KIRAMS -13 Model KIRAMS-13 After upgrade GE PETtrace
IBA 18/9
Cyclotron
SIMENCE
Eclipse HP
Energy
[Mev]
12.5
16.5 18 11
18F- [mCi/Hr]
900~1,000
2,300~2,500
5,000
8,000
2,500
Average Beam Current
Proton: 30uA
Proton: 70uA
Proton: 80uA
Deutron: 60uA
Proton: >100uA
Deutron: 35uA
Proton: 60uA
Target
F-18
C-11
F-18, C-11
N-13, O-15

15. Ⅳ .RESULTS Irradiation for 90 min Before upgrade After upgrade
Cyclotron operating condition: Duty = 80%, Gas = 5 sccm, ARC = 2.0 A
Irradiation for 90 min
Before upgrade
After upgrade
Beam Current
50 uA
70 uA
F-18 Production
2,000~2,300 mCi
3,400~3,800 mCi

16.  June/2008 ~ Feb/2009: Overall 96%
The Monthly Rate of KIRAMS operation in SNUBH
Month %
2008
2009
Mon
Real
Total % 6 38 39 97 1 35 92 7 40 46 87 2 42
100 8 9 10 41 98 11 12 44 95
The monthly rate of KIRAMS-13 operation =
(the number of real operating / the number of total operation) *100
 June/2008 ~ Feb/2009: Overall 96%

17. CONCLUSION Upgrade of F-18 target : 3,500~4,000 mCi/h
After upgrade of ion source parts in KIRAMS-13, the beam current and F-18 production was increase and stable
F-18 Production / Hr (mCi/hr) ;
Before: 900~1,000 mCi/hr
After upgrade: 2,300~2,500 mCi/hr
Upgrade of F-18 target : 3,500~4,000 mCi/h

18. Thanks for your attention