1. Accident Prevention Principles

2. Introduction
Accidents result from breakdowns in the safety system & represent a management problem
Many safety professionals attack accidents by identifying, evaluating, & controlling hazards

3. Objectives Understand accident prevention & loss control terms
Explain causes of accidents
Describe methods used in an accident prevention program strategy

4. Injury Stats
Unintentional injuries are the 5th leading cause of death - exceeded by heart disease, cancer, stroke, & chronic pulmonary diseases
Between ages , unintentional injuries are leading cause of death

5. Injury Stats 43% of deaths are motor-vehicle related
5,100 occurred at work
57 ere mining-related
1,190 occurred in construction
28,800 occurred at home
24,100 occurred in public sector

6. Consequences Loss of life Permanent or temporary disability
Minor injury
Property damage
Loss of production
Loss of wages

7. Consequences Increase in insurance costs Loss of profit
Loss of recreation/hobby
Pain & suffering (physical & psychological)
Litigation settlements

8. Costs Total cost is over $500 billion
Wages & productivity losses (245.6)
Medical expenses (77.4)
Administrative expenses (77.6)
Motor-vehicle damage (40.2)
Employer cost (20.0)
Fire loss (8.2)

9. Definitions

10. Safety An acceptable level of risk Freedom from hazards
Science/activity directed at controlling hazards & preventing accidents

11. Hazard Condition or situation that can cause/contribute to an accident
Common hazards include: fall to a lower lever, struck-by, caught in, under, or between, contact with, etc

12. Accident
Unplanned release of energy that results in injury or property damage
Usually when force of energy released exceeds threshold limit value of affected body or object

13. Risk
Measure of both probability & severity of all hazards associated with a given activity or condition

14. Incident Unplanned event that may or may not cause loss
All accidents are incidents, but not all incidents are accidents
Incidents that do not result in loss indicate a breakdown in the safety system, & investigated

15. Safety Management
Planning, organizing, directing, monitoring/controlling those activities necessary to achieve an organization’s loss prevention & loss control objectives

16. Loss Control
Program whose purpose is to minimize accident-based financial losses
Analysis of property damage is considered to be a highly desirable, worthwhile activity

17. Loss Prevention
Describes a before-the-loss (proactive) program designed to identify & correct potential accident problems

18. Causes Of Accidents Accident cause complex
Failure of people, equipment, materials, or environment to behave or react as expected
Man
Machines
Materials
Environment

19. Accident Cause Model Management Safety Policy & Decisions
Personal Factors; Environmental Factors
Unsafe Act
Unsafe Condition
Unplanned Release of energy and/or Hazardous Material
Accident
Personal Injury
Property Damage

20. Energy Release
Mechanical
Electrical
Chemical
Thermal
Radiation

21. Unsafe Acts Using defective equipment Servicing equipment in motion
Operating equipment without training
Operating equipment at improper speeds
Failure to warn co-workers

22. Unsafe Acts Failure to use PPE Improper lifting
Failure to lockout/tagout
Use of drugs or alcohol
Failure to block equipment

23. Unsafe Conditions Defective tools & equipment Excessive dust/noise
Inadequate guards/supports
Poorly designed or maintained haul roads
Poor lighting
Accumulations of combustibles

24. Personal Factors Inadequate capability (physical & mental aspects)
Lack of knowledge
Lack of skill
Stress
Improper motivation

25. Job Factors Inadequate leadership or supervision
Inadequate engineering
Inadequate design, layout
Inadequate purchasing

26. Job Factors Inadequate maintenance
Inadequate tools, equipment, materials
Inadequate work standards
Abuse, misuse, wear & tear

27. Lack of Control
Management policies/decisions & failure to insure compliance for:
leadership & administration
management training
planned inspections
task analysis & procedures
Task observation

28. Lack of Control Organizational rules Emergency preparedness
Accident/incident analysis
Accident/incident investigation
PPE
Engineering controls
Purchasing control

29. Lack of Control Hiring placement Employee training General promotion
Personal communication
Group meetings
Health control
Off-the-job safety

30. Analyzing The Causes Of Accidents
Management’s commitment to safety must be transparent through its actions

31. Accident Prevention Program Strategy
Injuries can be prevented when management fully supports the prevention program & everyone lives up to their responsibilities
ACCOUNTABILITY

32. Total Safety Work Culture
Strong management commitment to safety is essential
Safety is a value, not a priority
Priorities get rearranged in reaction to schedules, resources, orders, etc.
Values endure & represent a foundation we base our decisions & actions
Safety is more than compliance

33. Total Safety Work Culture
Balanced attention given equally to environment, behavior & person
Program must be positive, i.e., focusing on implementing safe practices, not avoidance of mistakes or unsafe acts

34. Total Safety Work Culture
Essential that supervisors consistently promote safe performance by words & actions
Authority is a powerful force in determining behavior of others

35. Total Safety Work Culture
We should be our brother’s keeper
Assuming that no accidents or good incidence rate (IR) means a safe operation is misleading
At-risk behavior may have reached or may be reaching critical levels

36. Role of Management Establish standards/policies Hiring & selection
New employee training
Skills/task training
Adequate job instruction
PPE

37. Role of Management Job analysis procedures Supervisory training
Annual refresher safety training
Engineering controls
Purchasing controls

38. Role of Management Planned inspections Maintenance
Accident investigations
Group communications

39. Role of Management Emergency/evacuation plan First aid care
Safety coaching program
Performance reinforcing procedures

40. Role of Management Implement policies & enforce procedures
Continuous monitoring & control
Plan Do
Check
Act

41. Summary
The intent of this presentation was to take a proactive approach to accident prevention by systemically identifying, evaluating, and controlling hazards in the workplace