1. Chapter 13 The Renaissance
Origins of the Renaissance

2. Review
What contributed to the decline of the Medieval period in Europe?

3. Transition: Medieval to Renaissance
Medieval Period-Fall of Rome to Renaissance
Combo of:
Catholic Church
Roman Culture
Germanic Traditions
Possible conclusions to Middle Ages
1517-_____________________________
1492-_____________________________
The actual transition was gradual with multiple factors contributing to a new period of history

4. 1. Rise of Nations Medieval World: Feudalism-local power
Gradually, nations centralized power
Ex: Norman conquest of England
Ex: French King at the end of Hundred years war.
This took power from local leaders and created stronger nations and national identities
Benefits?

5. 2. End of Medieval Institutions
Black Death
Weakened feudalism and serfdom
How?
Hundred Years War
Made knights less valuable on battlefield
How did this affect feudalism?

6. 3. Expansion of Trade Feudalism fades - Cities grow Late Middle Ages
Manor system no longer necessary
Late Middle Ages
Revival of trade
Less warfare and fewer invasions (safer)
Daily life became safer as power became more centralized
Merchants traveled further and gained influence (why?)
Silk Roads
Become a major part of European trade

9. Silk Road Ancient trade route linking Europe to China
Fell out of use when Rome fell-Why?
Rise of Mongol Empire
Led to increased trade in region 1200s
Why?
Marco Polo
Italian trader
Traveled Mongol Empire
Returned with tales of riches and oddities from China
Encouraged Europeans to pursue trade with Asia even further

10. Silk Road

11. 4. New Ways of Thinking
Any time trade occurs, what is exchanged besides goods and money?______________
Events of Late Middle Ages wore people out and changed the way they viewed life
Ex: Plague
Ex: Various wars-new more efficient weapons
2 major influences on the new way of thinking
Classical Learning (What is this?)
Humanism

12. In Praise of Greek, Leonardo Bruni, fifteenth century
“Then came the knowledge of Greek letters…It was the Byzantine, Chrysoloras, …who brought Greek learning back to us. Because his country was invaded by the Turks, he came by sea to Venice…For seven hundred years now no one in Italy has been in possession of Greek and yet we agree that all knowledge comes from that source. What great advancement of knowledge, enlargement of fame, and increase of pleasure will come to you with this tongue!”

13. The Ancients and the Moderns, Walter Map, 12th Century
“The diligent achievement of the ancients is still in our possession; they make their own past present to our times, and we ourselves wax dumb: whence the memory of them liveth in us and we are unmindful of ours. Notable miracle! The dead live, the living are buried in their stead…the illustrious deeds of modern men of might are little valued…”

14. An English Humanist, Richard de Bury, fourteenth century
…we have always desired …to investigate the well-tested labours of the ancients. For whether they had by nature a greater vigour of mental sagacity, or whether they perhaps indulged in closer application to study…one thing we are perfectly clear about, that their successors are barely capable of discussing the discoveries of their forerunners, and of acquiring those things as pupils which the ancients dug out by difficult efforts of discovery…it is by no means absurd to suppose that most of the ancients were distinguished by brighter faculties, seeing that in the labours they accomplished of both kinds they are inimitable by posterity…”

15. Humanism Middle Ages - _________-centric mind
Stressed faith
Renaissance replaced this with humanism
Focused on individual
Stressed balance between intellect and faith
Urged people to achieve through education
Encouraged enjoying life
Which is more influential today, the Medieval or Renaissance mind set?

16. Petrarch Early leader of Humanist movement Italian poet and scholar
Led the charge to look back to classical learning
Searched through monasteries to find and restore ancient works
Latin writers such as Cicero may have been lost forever if not for his efforts