1. Understanding Flower Anatomy

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Instruction / Help

3. Words you will learn about:
Anther
Filament
Ovary
Petals
Pistil
Pollen
Sepals
Stamen
Stigma
Style

4. What Are the Parts of A Flower?
Flowers are the most obvious part of a plant
They are made of many important parts
Courtesy of McGraw Hill Publishers

5. Most flowers contain male and female parts.

6. Parts of a Flower
1. Stamen – the male part of a flower; Made up of two parts:
Filament – stalk of a stamen; Holds up the anther
Anther – sack-like portion containing the pollen

7. Pollen – grain released by the flowers; Contains the sperm

8. Parts of a Flower
2. Pistil – female part of the flower; Made up of three parts:
Stigma – sticky organ which receives the pollen grains
Style – a rod shaped middle part; Similar to the stalk of the stamen
Ovary – swollen base containing the eggs or ovules

9. Parts of a Flower
3. Petals – the showy, colorful leaf-like structures which often attract animals or insects for pollination

10. Parts of a Flower
4. Sepals – beneath the petals; More leaf-like structures usually green in color
Protect the flower before it opens

11. Parts of a Flower Stamen Pistil Ovule Petals Sepals Receptacle Pedicel
Stigma
Anther
Style
Stamen
Pistil
Filament
Ovary
Print off a copy of the this flower, white-out the labels and have the students label the parts as you present them in the slide show.
Ovule
Petals
Sepals
Receptacle
Swollen base where are parts attach
Pedicel
Stem of the flower
Courtesy of McGraw Hill Publishers

12. Why a Flower?

13. The Reproductive Structure of Flowering Plants:
Perianth
Petal: Corolla
Sepal:Calyx

14. Flower Anatomy
Calyx: the outer whorl of sepals; typically these are green, but are petal-like in some species.

15. Flower Anatomy
Corolla: the whorl of petals, which are usually thin, soft and colored to attract animals that help the process of pollination.
The coloration may extend into the ultraviolet, which is visible to the compound eyes of insects, but not to the eyes of birds.

16. Flower Anatomy
Androecium (from Greek andros oikia: man's house): one or more stamens, each with a filament topped by an anther where pollen is produced.
Pollen contains the male gametes.

17. Flower Anatomy
Gynoecium (from Greek gynaikos oikia: woman's house): all the female parts—the pistil(s) with ovule(s) inside.

18. Flower Anatomy
The basic unit of the female reproductive structure is the carpel. Each physcial body is called a pistil.
A flower may have a single carpel, which is a simple pistil (unicarpellate), or several carpels united in one compound pistil (syncarpous), or a cluster of un-united carpels/pistils (apocarpous)
The sticky tip of the pistil, the stigma, is the receptor of pollen.
The supportive stalk, the style, becomes the pathway for pollen tubes to grow from pollen grains adhering to the stigma, to the ovules, containing the gametes, housed inside the ovary.

19. Flower Anatomy carpel
fertilization
carpel structure

20. Evolution of the Carpel
See figures 3.1 and 3.2 in your book

21. Fruit and Seed Formation
A fruit develops from an ovary. A seed develops from an ovule.

22. Flower Structure Variation
perfect
imperfect
imperfect

23. Flower Structure Variation Ovary Position
A. ovary superior, floral parts hypogynous
B. ovary inferior, floral parts epigynous
C. ovary half-inferior
D. ovary superior, floral parts perigynous, hypanthium cup shaped

24. Flower Structure Variation
A flower having sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils is complete; if a flower is lacking one or more of these whorls, it is said to be incomplete.
complete
incomplete
no stamens present = incomplete

25. Inflorescences
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers. It may be branched or unbranched. Modifications can involve the length, variations in the proportions, compressions, and swellings, and the order in which the flowers open.
Usually the modifications have been evolved to optimize the plant’s method of pollen dispersal.

26. Inflorescences
raceme
spike
corymb
umbel

27. Inflorescences
spadix
head
catkin

28. Pollen Dispersal by Animals
Bees, Beetles, Bats, Birds, Butterflies, etc…

29. Symmetry
Flowers that are actinomorphic have "radial symmetry", meaning they can be divided into symmetrical halves by more than one longitudinal plane passing through the axis, much as a pie can be cut into several equal and identical pieces.
Zygomorphic flowers are "yoke shaped” or have"bilateral” symmetry, where flowers can be divided by only a single plane into two mirror-image halves, much like a yoke or a person's face.

30. Dicot versus Monocot
Dicot
Monocot