1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Multicellular Eukaryotic with no cell walls Heterotrophs (consumers)
~ Characteristics ~
Multicellular
Eukaryotic with no cell walls
Heterotrophs (consumers)

3. ~ Characteristics ~
Have a nervous system to respond to their environment
Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food
Most animals develop from a zygote becoming a
A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula.

4. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~
The gastrula is made up of three parts:
Ectoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula, grows and divides developing into skin and nervous tissue.
Endoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula, develops into the lining of the animal’s digestive tract.
Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscles, reproductive organs and circulatory vessels.

6. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~
Animals that develop a mouth from the indented space in the gastrula are protostomes.
Animals that develop an anus from the opening in the gastrula are deuterostomes.

8. ~ Body Plans ~ Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical.
Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

9. ~ Body Plans ~
An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.
An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.

10. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

11. ~ Body Plans ~
Acoelomates – animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities.
Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluid-filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm.
Coelomates – animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.

13. ~ Protection and Support ~
Though not all animals have a skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups:
Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment.
Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.

14. ~Invertebrates~ 8 main phyla No backbones
95% of all animals are in this group

15. Phylum Porifera Sponges Asymmetrical or Radial symmetry No organs
Most are Marine
Sessile filter-feeders
Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation
Sexual Reproduction
Hermaphrodites

16. Phylum Cnidaria Cnidarians Ex. Hydra, Jellyfish, corals, sea anemone
Radial symmetry
Mostly Marine
Have Nerve Cells
Nematocysts – stinging tentacles
2 Body Forms:
Polyp
Medusa
Polyp
Medusa

17. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Bilateral Symmetry
Definite Head
Thin, solid body
Excretory and Digestive System
Oxygen by diffusion
Hermaphrodites
Ex. Planaria, flukes, tapeworms

18. Phylum Nemotoda Roundworms Bilateral symmetry Tough outer covering
2 openings
Tube-like digestive system
Separate sexes
Ex. Nematodes, hookworms, pinworms

19. Phylum Mollusca Bilateral symmetry Mostly Marine
3 body parts: foot, visceral mass, mantle
Have: heart; digestive, excretory, and open circulatory systems; gills
Mostly separate sexes
Ex. Snails(gastropods), slugs, squid(cephalopods), octopus, clams(bivalves), oysters

20. Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Aquatic and terrestrial
2 body openings
Have nervous, digestive, excretory, and closed circulatory systems; head, nephridia
Ex. Earthworms, leeches, nereis

21. Phylum Arthropoda Jointed appendages Bilateral symmetry Exoskeleton
Separate sexes – internal fertilization in most
Most diverse phyla
4 classes (next 4 slides)

22. Arachnids 2 body sections 2 pairs of mouth parts (chelicerae) 8 legs
Ex. Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions

23. Crustaceans 2 pair of antennae Aquatic except for pill bug
Ex. Crabs, lobster, barnacles, shrimp

24. Myriapods
Many legs
Ex. Millipedes & Centipedes

25. Insects
6 legs
3 body sections
Ex. Grasshopper, bee, butterfly

26. Phylum Echinodermata Spiny skin Bilateral symmetry as larvae
Radial Symmetry as adult
Separate sexes
Endoskeleton
Marine
Ex. Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars

27. Phylum Chordata (vertebrates)
Notochord (nerve cord)
No vertebrae
Gill slits
Ex. Sea squirts, lancelets

28. Phylum Chordata (Vertebrates)
Have backbone (vertebrae)
Dorsal nerve cord
Bilateral symmetry
Closed circulatory system
Brain
7 classes (next 5 slides)

29. Fish Class Agnatha – Jawless fish
Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays)
Class Osteichthyes – Bony fish

30. Class Amphibia Amphibians Must return to water to reproduce
Aquatic larvae
Semi-terrestrial adult
Moist habitat
Ex. Frogs, salamanders

31. Class Reptilia Reptiles Dry, scaly skin 3-chambered heart
Lays amniotic egg on land
Ectotherms (body temp. depends on environment
Ex. Lizards, snakes, turtles

32. Class Aves Birds Endotherms (Internal body heat) Feathers Hollow bones
4-chambered heart

33. Class Mammalia Mammals Endotherms Hair Milk produced in mammary glands
Nurse young
4-chambered heart
Live birth for most mammals
Highly developed brains
Ex. Mice, Whales, Humans