1. Questions? Comments? boggusrl@email.uc.edu
Image Review #1 Labs 1-3
Questions? Comments?

2. LAB #1 “THE CELL”

3. eosinophilic basophilic STAINS H and E Hematoxylin is blue/basophilic
Eosin is pink/eosinophilic/acidophilic
eosinophilic
basophilic

4. PAS
Stain stuff that starts with G: glycocalyx, goblet cells, glycogen, glycoprotein

5. There are two of them here, each is trilaminar
PLASMA MEMBRANE
There are two of them here, each is trilaminar
Each is 9nm thick – can’t see well with LM unless juxtaposed (needs to be at least 200 nm to see with LM, FYI)

6. polysomes RIBOSOMES Stain BASOPHILIC (baso = blue)
If you see bluish stuff in the cytoplasm that means the ribosomes are workin’ it out there and the cell is making proteins
Polysomes = ribosomes on an mRNA string
Look like little swirlies
polysomes

7. Golgi Apparatus
Cis face and trans face – stuff buds off of the trans face
Looks like a smiley face – trans face is on the upper lip and cis face is on the chin
Cis face faces nucleus, trans face faces the outside of cell – makes sense when you think about how things are transported

8. Meet the EM Golgi – look at the budding vesicles!
trans face
cis face

9. Don’t forget about the golgi ghost in LM slides!!

10. Mitochondria Via oxidative phosphorylation, supply ATP for the cell
Cristae? Mg and Ca granules? What other organelle do we see here?

11. ER Made of cisternae – flattened tubes Two types: RER and SER
Can they be connected? YES!
The difference? RER has ribosomes, SER does not
If you see cytoplasmic basophilia in a LM slide, then there is a lot of RER in the cytoplasm. The basophilia is due to the rRNA of the ribsomes that are attached to the RER.

13. ER cont’d
If you are talking about neurons, cytoplasmic basophilia is called “ergastoplasm” and the RER stains with Nissl stain. Thus, the RER is called Nissl substace. Makes sense.

15. SER
Usually rounder than RER and looks like it has more buds on it. Also, no ribosomes. That always helps.
SER SECRET: if you think it may be SER or RER or Golgi or you have no clue, and you can’t decide what to put down, look for the mitochondria if you can. If the mitochondria are really round and circular, there is a good chance that it is SER.
this is because in cells that are involved in detox functions (and thus have lots of SER), the mito are rounder.

17. round mito

18. RER vs. SER

19. Lysosomes Have a membrane, UNLIKE peroxisomes, which do not
Contain acid phosphatases and acid hydrolases to break stuff down – can stain for these enzymes to find the lysosomes

20. Peroxisomes
Very smooth looking except for a huge granule (not in humans though)
Contain catalase and oxidase

21. Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate Filaments
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments

22. Microtubules (24 nm)

23. Often will be labeled near the membrane

24. Don’t forget…. They are involved in the mitotic spindle

25. CENTRIOLES
Involved in cell division
Can you find it?

26. One more just for good measure

27. Microfilaments -- Made of actin
-- Contractile – look for them in muscle
-- 7nm – smallest of the cytoskeletal components

28. More microfilaments
They also make up the core of microvilli

29. Look right by the membrane….
Have a very fine appearance

30. INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
10 nm – intermediate in size between microfilaments and microtubules
They are made of protein that are tissue specific
A main component of desmosomes……

31. GLYCOGEN PIGMENT/MELANIN LIPID
CELLULAR INCLUSIONS
GLYCOGEN
PIGMENT/MELANIN
LIPID

32. GLYCOGEN Solid and black in EM
Reddish in LM, but you will usually get EM if they ask you about glycogen

33. LM glycogen from lab

34. LIPID…. My favorite

35. More lipid….
Also note the round mito….. What do you see with round mito??? SER. One of SER’s functions is fat metabolism, so makes sense that there is lipid there too.

36. PIGMENT
Usually melanin, so if they are trying to show you pigment it will usually be in the skin, in melanocytes, which are found under the keratinocytes.

37. The nucleus
In all its glory

38. pore Interphase nucleus
Has nuclear membrane – 2 membranes juxtaposed with pores in them
Note: nuclear membrane made of intermediate filaments
pore

39. Taking a peek into the nucleus
Heterochromatin – dark, bundled up chromatin, inactive
Euchromatin – light, unwound, ready to go, active eu
nucleolus
hetero

40. granular fibrillar Nucleolus 3 things they could label:
Perinuclear chromatin – chromatin pressed onto the outside of the nucleolus
Fibrillar portion – the darker stuff
Granular portion – the lighter stuff
granular
fibrillar

41. Prophase Nuclear membrane disrupted Chromatin looks fibrous, stringy
It is condensing to become chromosomes

42. Metaphase
Chromosomes are condensed and lined up in the middle, the mitotic spindle is evident
The mitotic spindle converges at centrioles – called the “Microtubule Organizing Center” or the centrosome
3 types of microtubules here
1. Astral MT that radiate out like a star – help with orientation
2. Mitotic spindle MT that go across the spindle; can see these ones the best
3. Microtubules that are attached to the chromosomes

43. Metaphase

44. Anaphase Chromosomes are separating
Can clearly see the spindle and astral microtubules

45. Telophase
Can start to see new cell membrane between the 2 new daughter cells
Chromosomes look more separate again – not as distinct as in anaphase

46. Karyotype
This was on our exam and a lot of people forgot what it was called. Do not be that guy.

47. Quick Quiz
What is the main structure, and also the cytoskeletal element that you see here?

48. Cilia, with a core of microtubules!

49. Whats the black stuff??

50. Glycogen!

51. Whats the white stuff??
(this is tough)

52. Holes where lipid used to be
Holes where lipid used to be. Remember that lipid usually does not come out in sections!

53. What are the arrows pointing to?

54. Microtubules in the axon of a dendrite!

55. What is the dark organelle shown here?

56. Lysosomes! Look at all the stuff in it!

57. Whats this??

58. On the right is a centriole
On the left is the Golgi
On the right is a centriole

59. What is found in these cells?

60. Melanin! The arrow is pointing at the row of melanocytes under all the keratinocytes in the skin

61. Whats this??

62. NUCLEAR PORE!

63. Questions??? Boggusrl@email.uc.edu
The End
Questions???