1. CHAPTER 4 SECTION 2
THE MIDDLE COLONIES

2. DUTCH SET UP NEW NETHERLANDS- NEW AMSTERDAM BECAME A THRIVING PORT
TO ENCOURAGE FARMING- DUTCH OFFICIALS GRANTED LARGE LAND PARCELS TO PATROONS- THE PATROON PROMISED TO SETTLE PPL ON THE LAND-
FEW FARMERS WANTED TO FARM PATROON LAND
MOST SETTLED IN NEW AMSTERDAM

3. IN 1664- ENGLISH WARSHIPS ENTERED NEW AMSTERDAM’S HARBOR
PETER STUYVESANT, GOV, SURRENDERED TO THE BRITISH
THE BRITISH TOOK OVER THE COLONY AND RENAMED IT NEW YORK, IN HONOR OF THE DUKE OF YORK.

4. NEW JERSEY SEPERATES FROM NEW YORK
NEW YORK GOT TOO BIG, SO THE DUKE OF YORK GAVE SOME LAND TO HIS FRIENDS, BERKELEY AND CARTERET-
THEY SET UP A PROPRIETARY COLONY- RECEIVED LAND FROM KING IN EXCHANGE FOR YEARLY PAYMENT
NEW JERSEY HAD FERTILE FARMLAND, AND OTHER RESOURCES.

5. SETTLERS CAME FROM ALL OVER EUROPE
IN NJ BECAME A ROYAL COLONY- UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL OF THE BRITISH CROWN
THE CHARTER PROTECTED RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND THE RIGHT TO ASSEMBLY THAT VOTED ON LOCAL MATTERS.

6. PENNSYLVANIA WILLAIM PENN FOUNDED PENNSYLVANIA
AT THE AGE OF 22- HE JOINED THE QUAKERS
THEY WERE A RELIGIOUS GROUP DESPISED IN ENGLAND

7. THE QUAKERS PROTESTANT REFORMERS
BELIEVED EVERYONE IS EQUAL IN GOD’S SIGHT
SPOKE OUT AGAINST ALL WAR AND REFUSED TO SERVE IN ARMIES
THEY WERE ALSO ANTISLAVERY
THEY WERE DESPISED FOR THEIR BELIEFS.

8. A POLICY OF FAIRNESS
PENN MADE HIS COLONY A HOLY EXPERIMENT- MODEL OF REL. FREEDOM
PENN ALSO SPOKE OUT FOR FAIR TREATMENT OF NATIVES
HE SAID SETTLERS SHOULD PAY NATIVES FOR THE LAND
THE NATIVES LIKED PENN

9. THE COLONY GROWS
GERMAN SPEAKING PROTESTANTS CAME TO SETTLE- PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH
AFRICAN SLAVES CAME TO PENN AS LABORERS
THE CAPITAL BECAME PHILADELPHIA
THE LOWER COUNTIES SEPERATED AND BECAME DELAWARE IN 1704.

10. LIFE IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES
MOST PEOPLE FARMED
THE HUDSON AND DELAWARE RIVER VALLEYS WERE VERY FERTILE
WINTERS WERE ALSO MILDER
CASH CROPS- WHEAT, BARLEY, RYE
THE MIDDLE COLONIES CAME TO BE CALLED BREADBASKET COLONIES- DUE TO LARGE GRAIN EXPORTS

11. FARMERS ALSO RAISED CATTLE AND PIGS
THE MID COLONY FARMS WERE LARGER THAN THOSE IN NEW ENGLAND
THERE WERE SOME SLAVES- BUT TREATED AS LABORERS
DELAWARE RIVER VALLEY- HAD LARGE AMTS OF IRON ORE

12. MIDDLE COLONY HOMES
IN MID COLONIES- TOWNS WERE NOT AS IMPORTANT AS IN NEW ENGLAND
COUNTIES WERE THE CENTER OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
SWEDISH SETTLERS BUILT LOG CABINS
THE DUTCH USED RED BRICKS TO BUILD HOUSES
HOUSEHOLDS WERE SELF SUFFICIENT

13. THE BACKCOUNTRY
IN THE 1700’S- 1000’ OF GERMANS AND SCOTS ARRIVED IN PHILLY
THEY CAME TO FARM BACKCOUNTRY
THIS WAS A CHALLENGE BECAUSE LAND HAD TO BE CLEARED, THEY LEARNED A LOT OF SKILLS FROM NATIVES
MANY SETTLERS MOVED INTO NATIVE LANDS- CAUSING CONFLICT.