2. The Grand Canyon

3. layers

4. Sedimentary rocks form from cementation and compaction.
Sedimentary rocks form over time by:
Compaction (pressure)
Cementation (water causing small rock particles to stick together)

5. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the ongoing deposition of rocks and other sediments that are cemented together.

7. Usually after burial, deposited sediment undergoes lithification
The processes that turn it into a rock is called LITHIFICATION

8. What is lithification?

9. Lithification includes cementation and compaction.

10. Coal is a black, sedimentary rock that is formed from cementation and compaction
Coal- is made from remains of plants
Began forming millions of years ago
Weight of sediments above pressed it into coal

11. Coal Mining

12. Sandstone Limestone Shale
Limestone, shale, and sandstone are all examples of sedimentary rock.
Limestone
Shale

13. Forming and Transporting Rock Particles
Sediments can be large or small
They break away by wind or water (erosion)

14. Sediment from weathered rock is transported and deposited elsewhere such as at the beach, or in a delta, or in the deep sea.
Delta

15. Sediment at the Beach

16. Sedimentary rocks are the most abundant rock on Earth’s Surface.

18. There is a lot to learn from sedimentary rocks

19. …plants and shells Limestone - shells and skeletons of ocean organisms
from carbonate materials like calcite
Example: White Cliffs of Dover—began forming from shells and skeletons of dead ocean organisms (see picture on next slide)
coral reefs consist of limestone from dead organisms