1. New York, new jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
The Middle Colonies
New York, new jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

3. Background Information (Review)
By 1660, England had two groups of colonies in North America.
In the north were the New England Colonies:
Plymouth (William Bradford, Squanto, The First Thanksgiving)
Massachusetts Bay Colony (John Winthrop, Puritan, strict beliefs)
Connecticut (Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut)
Rhode Island (Roger Williams, Freedom of Religion)

4. Background Information (Review)
In the south was Virginia and the colony of Maryland
Jamestown
John Smith
Looking for Gold
Farming tobacco
“Starving Time”
House of Burgesses

5. The Middle Colonies
Between these two groups of colonies were lands under the Dutch control- This area was called New Netherland.
The main settlement of New Netherland was New Amsterdam, on Manhattan Island.
This location served as a good sea port with access to the Hudson River. The Hudson River served as a major transportation link to rich farm land and forests.
As a result, New Amsterdam became a shipping/trading center both to and from the Americas.

7. Dutch West India Company
The Dutch West India Company controlled New Netherland.
It wanted to increase the colony’s population.
To do this, the company offered large grants of land to anyone who could bring at least 50 settlers to work the land.
The landowners who received these grants were called patroons.
The patroons ruled like kings. They had their own courts and laws. Settlers owed the patroons labor and a share of their crops.
Patroon (definition)- landowner in the Dutch Colonies who ruled over large areas of land.

8. New Netherland -> New York
The success of this colony did not go unnoticed.
The English wanted to gain control of this valuable Dutch Colony.
In the English sent a fleet of ships to attack New Amsterdam.
Peter Stuyvesant, governor of the colony, surrendered to the English without a fight.

9. New York
New York was a proprietary colony – a colony in which an owner or proprietor owned all the land and controlled the government.
The king of England gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York, who renamed it New York.
New York continued to prosper and grow.
It had a very diverse population made up of Dutch, German, Swedish, and Native American people. Also included for the first time were Jewish settlers.

10. New Jersey The Duke of York decided to divide his colony.
He gave the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to two proprietors- they named their colony New Jersey.
To attract settlers, the proprietors offered:
Large tracts of land
Freedom of religion
Trial by jury
A representative assembly (democratic government)
Also a very diverse colony! Many different ethnic groups

11. Pennsylvania and Delaware
The Quakers, a Protestant group that had been persecuted in England, found Pennsylvania.
In 1680 William Penn, a wealthy Quaker, received the land in payment for a debt from King Charles.
Pennsylvania stretched inland from the Delaware River.
It was almost as big as England!!

13. Pennsylvania and Delaware
William Penn saw Pennsylvania as a “holy experiment”- a chance to put his Quaker ideals into practice.
The Quakers believed that everyone was equal.
People could follow their own “inner light” rather than the teachings of a religious leader.
Quakers were also pacifists.
Pacifists- People opposed to the use of war or violence to settle disputes.

14. William Penn Penn was an active proprietor.
In 1682 he sailed to America to supervise the building of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia- means the “city of brotherly love.”
He wrote the Pennsylvania’s first constitution.
Penn believed that the land belonged to the Native Americans!
He believed that settlers should pay for the land and he negotiated several treaties with the local Native Americans.

15. Pennsylvania and Delaware
Penn advertised his colony throughout Europe.
By 1683, more than 3,000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers had arrived.
By 1700, Philadelphia had become America’s most prosperous city and most popular port.
Delware- people from Sweden had settled land in Southern Pennsylvania before the Dutch and English took over the area. These southern counties worked as a separate colony, but remained under the authority of Pennsylvania’s governor.

16. Questions!
Why are these words (patroon and pacifist) important to this lesson?
How was the colony of New York governed?
From what we know about the Quakers, what policies reflect their beliefs?
The Middle Colonies were the most diverse of all. What does diverse, or diversity mean?
Patroon- tells us about government and how people moved. Pacifist- important to beliefs
New York was a proprietary colony- an owner/proprietor owned all the land and controlled the government.
Pacifists- paid Native Americans for land! Equality- Acceptance of diverse people
Diversity- showing a large amount of variety; very different