1. DATA SNAPSHOT
Pulaski County
Data SnapShot Series 1.1 May 2015

2. Hometown Collaboration Initiative This report has been produced by the Purdue Center for Regional Development as a part of the Indiana Hometown Collaboration Initiative (HCI). HCI is funded, in part, by the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.

3. 01 03 02 04 Table of contents Introduction Economy Demography
Labor Market

4. 01
introduction
Purpose
About Pulaski County

5. Introduction
Purpose
This document provides information and data about Pulaski County that can be used to guide local decision- making activities.
The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county.
To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools, such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented.
Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings.
section 01

6. About Pulaski County Introduction County Background Established 1839
Seat
Winamac
Area
435 sq. mi.
Neighboring
Counties
Cass, IN
Fulton, IN
Jasper, IN
Marshall, IN
Starke, IN
White, IN
section 01

7. 02 demography Population change Population pyramids Race Ethnicity
Educational attainment
Takeaways 02
demography

8. Population change 2000 2010 2013 2020 Total population projections
Demography
Population change
Total population projections
The total population is projected to remain the same between and 2020.
2000
2010
2013
2020
Pulaski County’s total population decreased by 5 percent between 2000 and The major contributor to that contraction was domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out) with a net loss of over 600 persons.
International migration had a positive effect on population with a net increase of 33, indicating that the county experienced a minor influx of new people from outside the U.S. Finally, natural Increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) also contributed 48 people to the population of Pulaski County.
Components of Population Change,
Total Change
-617*
Natural Increase 48
International Migration 33
Domestic Migration
-615
section 02
*Total change in population differs from the sum of the components due to Census estimation techniques. Residuals (not reported here) make up the difference.
Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2013 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change

9. Demography
Population pyramids Population pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender.
2000
2013
Male
Female
Male
Female
Approximately 49.6 percent of the population was female in 2000 (6,817) and that percent remained about the same in What did change is the distribution of people across the various age categories. A larger share of people shifted into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2013 time period.
In particular, people 50 and over swelled from 14.7% to 19.6% for males and from 16.6% to 20.1% for females between 2000 and Individuals of prime working age (20-49 years old) dipped from 20.4% to 17.9% for males and from 19.0% to 17.2% for females. The percentage of residents under 20 years of age also declined.
section 02
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates

10. Demography
Race
2000
The number of non-White residents in Pulaski County increased by 1 percentage point between 2000 and
Every race, except White, experienced a numerical increase. The number of individuals of Two or More Races increased the most, by 56 residents, and the population of people who are Native American or of Asian descent in Pulaski County nearly doubled since 2000.
Growth in the non-White population helped to modestly expand the population of Other Races from 2 percent to 3 percent of the total population by 2013.
2013
section 02
Race Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates

11. 1% 3% Ethnicity Demography
Hispanics
Hispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry is from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanish- speaking Central or South American country.
There were 187 Hispanics residing in Pulaski County in This figure expanded to 355 by 2013, a percent increase.
As a result, Hispanics now make up 3 percent of the overall population, a significant increase since 2000. 1%
Hispanics 3%
section 02
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates

12. Educational attainment
Demography
Educational attainment
Pulaski County experienced a 4 percentage point increase in the number of adults (25 and older) with an associate’s, bachelor’s, or graduate degree between 2000 and 2013.
The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 80 percent in 2000 to 85 percent by Those with only a high school degree remained at the 45 percent level in both 2000 and 2013.
Adults with a college degree increased from 15 percent in 2000 to 19 percent in This was due to a 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of residents with associate’s degrees (5 percent versus 6 percent), while the proportion of adults with at least a bachelor's degree increased by 3 percentage points (to 13 percent).
2000
2013
section 02
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 ACS

13. Demography
Takeaways
Pulaski County has witnessed a modest decline in its population since 2000, mainly due to domestic out-migration (more people moved out of the county for other U.S. locations than moved into the county).
The age structure of Pulaski County is changing. The population is aging and the largest age group of workers (50-59) is nearing retirement age. Additionally, the number of men and women of prime working age (20-29, and 40-49) is slowly declining. Moreover, the racial and ethnic make-up of the county is gradually diversifying. In order to maintain the size of the labor force, Pulaski County will have to consider ways to build a vibrant economy with an expanding senior population and a declining pool of workers of prime working age.
The educational attainment of adults 25 and over has improved since 2000, but the percentage
of adults with a high school education remains sizable (at 45 percent). Taking time to assess whether local economic development opportunities might be impeded by the presence of a sizable number of adults with a terminal high school degree may be worthy of attention. While one in five adult residents of the county have an associate’s, bachelor’s, or higher education, this figure is about 11 percent below the figure for the state of Indiana as a whole.
Pulaski County may wish to assess the workforce skills of workers with a high school education only. Enhancing their skills so that they match the needs of local businesses and industries may be a worthy investment.
section 02

14. 03 economy Establishments Industries Occupations Income and poverty
Takeaways 03
economy

15. 0 1 3 4 Establishments Definition of Company Stages Economy
The number of establishments in Pulaski County increased 31 percent from 2000 to
The steady growth of establishments was due to natural change. That is, 991 units were launched in the county between 2000 and 2011, while closed, resulting in a gain of 311 establishments. There was no net gain or loss of establishments in the county over the past decade or so.
An establishment is a physical business location. Branches, standalones and headquarters are all considered types of establishments.
Definition of Company Stages
Self-employed
2-9 employees
Components of Change for Establishments
Total Change ( )
311
Natural Change (births minus deaths)
Net Migration 3
10-99
employees
employees 4
500+
employees
section 03
Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Establishment information was calculated in-house and may differ slightly from publicly available data.
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database

16. Number of establishments by stage/employment category
Economy
Number of establishments by stage/employment category
2000
2011
Stage
Establishments
Proportion
Stage 0
339
34%
483
37%
Stage 1
547
55%
719
Stage 2 97
10% 88 7%
Stage 3 10 1% 12
Stage 4 - 2* 0%
Total
993
100%
1,304
The NETS Database is derived from the Dun & Bradstreet archival national establishment data, a population of known establishments in the United States that is quality controlled and updated annually. Establishments include both private and public sector business units and range in size from one employee (i.e., sole-proprietors and self-employed) to several thousand employees.
*ReferenceUSA indicates one Stage 4 company, however, NETS records this company as two separate establishments. Additional information is available on the next slide.
section 03
Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database

17. Top five employers in 2015 Economy Establishment Stage1.
Braun Corporation
Stage 4 2.
Pulaski Memorial Hospital
Stage 3 3.
Eastern Pulaski Middle School 4.
Eastern Pulaski Superintendent 5.
Plymouth Tube Company
The top five employers produce a mix of local, national, and global goods and services.
Braun Corporation in Winamac is the largest establishment-level employer in Pulaski County.
Both Braun Corporation and Plymouth Tube Company produce national and global goods and services, while the Pulaski Memorial Hospital and Eastern Pulaski Middle School and Superintendent primarily support the local community.
Information on the top 5 establishments by employment comes from ReferenceUSA. ReferenceUSA is a library database service provided by Infogroup, the company that also supplies the list of major employers for Hoosiers by the Numbers. While both NETS and ReferenceUSA contain establishments, differences in data collection processes result in discrepancies between the two sources. We use NETS for a broad picture of establishments in the county, while ReferenceUSA is used for studying individual establishments.
section 03
Source: ReferenceUSA (Infogroup)

18. Number of jobs by stage/employment category
Economy
Number of jobs by stage/employment category
2000
2011
Stage
Jobs*
Proportion
Stage 0
339 6%
483
Stage 1
1,943
32%
2,184
27%
Stage 2
2,218
36%
2,275
28%
Stage 3
1,604
26%
2,060
Stage 4 -
1,000
13%
Total
6,104
100%
8,002
section 03
*Includes both full-time and part-time jobs
Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database

19. Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category
Economy
Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category
2000
2011
Stage
Sales
Proportion
Stage 0
$ 41,107,292 6%
$ 31,926,285 5%
Stage 1
$261,424,850
35%
$187,571,070
26%
Stage 2
$264,983,170
$191,523,554
27%
Stage 3
$184,005,268
24%
$168,192,671
Stage 4 -
$127,897,600
18%
Total
$751,520,580
100%
$707,111,180
section 03
Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year.
Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database

20. Economy
Top five industries in 2013
65.2 percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Pulaski County.
Manufacturing is the largest industry sector (1,288 jobs). Health Care and Social Assistance is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 430 jobs.
Of the top five industries in Pulaski County, both Retail Trade ( percent) and Health Care & Social Assistance (-5.7 percent) lost jobs between 2002 and The remaining three top industries gained jobs over the same time period, with Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, & Hunting gaining the most (percentage-wise) with a 6.3 percent increase in jobs between and 2013.
section 03
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

21. Industry distribution and change
Economy
Industry distribution and change
NAICS Code
Description
Jobs 2002
Jobs 2013
Change ( )
% Change ( )
Average Total Earnings 2013 11
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting
875
930 55 6%
$34,013 21
Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction 27 -6
-22%
$172,439 22
Utilities 0% $0 23
Construction
311
271
-40
-13%
$36,022
31-33
Manufacturing
1,240
1,288 48 4%
$54,353 42
Wholesale Trade
294
275
-19
-6%
$58,284
44-45
Retail Trade
727
616
-111
-15%
$22,139
48-49
Transportation & Warehousing
199
198 -1
-1%
$50,805 51
Information 49 28
-21
-43%
$48,553 52
Finance & Insurance
228
257 29
13%
$38,849 53
Real Estate & Rental & Leasing
125
203 78
62% 54
Professional, Scientific & Technical Services
122
153 31
25%
$28,045
Management of Companies and Enterprises 34 -8
-19%
$63,121 56
Administrative & Waste Management
112
154
38%
$13,937 61
Educational Services (Private) 15 20 5
33%
$5,866 62
Health Care & Social Assistance
456
430
-26
$27,682 71
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 68 77 9
$10,842 72
Accommodation and Food Services
205
218 13
$10,470 81
Other Services (except Public Administration)
386
392 6 2%
$16,303 90
Government (includes public schools)
1,044
1,048 4
$44,711 99
Unclassified Industry
<10 -
-100%
All
Total
6,528
6,613 85 1%
$37,395
section 03
Note: Average total earnings include wages, salaries, supplements and earnings from investments and proprietorships. Industries and occupations with a value of <10 have insufficient data for change and earnings calculations.
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

22. Industry distribution and change
Economy
Industry distribution and change
The largest percentage gains in employment in Pulaski County occurred in:
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (+62.4 percent)
Administrative, Support, Waste Management, and Remediation Services (+37.5 percent)
The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in:
Information (-42.9 percent)
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (-22.2 percent)
Employment Increase
Employment Decrease
Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013:
Real Estate & Leasing (+78)
Agriculture & Forestry (+55)
Retail Trade (-111)
Construction (-40)
section 03
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

23. Top five occupations in 2013
Economy
Top five occupations in 2013
The top five occupations in Pulaski County represent percent of all jobs.
Production (954 jobs) and Management (795 jobs) are the top two occupations in Pulaski County. Transportation & Material Moving is the smallest of the top five occupations with 463 jobs.
Of the five top occupations in Pulaski County, only Production (+12.5 percent) had an increase in jobs between and There was no change in the number of jobs in Sales & Related occupations. The three other top five occupations lost jobs, with Office & Administrative Support losing the largest share of jobs (-11.7 percent).
section 03
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

24. Occupation distribution and change
Economy
Occupation distribution and change
SOC
Description
Jobs 2002
Jobs 2013
Change ( )
% Change ( )
Hourly Earnings 2013 11
Management
797
795 -2 0%
$20.49 13
Business & Financial Operations
179
208 29
16%
$22.80 15
Computer & Mathematical 42 40
-5%
$24.71 17
Architecture & Engineering 91 79
-12
-13%
$26.47 19
Life, Physical & Social Science 18 -3
-17%
$23.01 21
Community & Social Service 68 72 4 6%
$17.84 23
Legal 31 28
-10%
$30.42 25
Education, Training & Library
241
356
115
48%
$19.78 27
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media
110
103 -7
-6%
$13.63
Health Care Practitioners & Technical
270
207
-63
-23%
$25.93
Health Care Support
168
138
-30
-18%
$11.26 33
Protective Service
107
104
-3%
$16.20 35
Food Preparation & Serving Related
261 -9
$9.49 37
Building & Grounds Cleaning Maintenance
178
224 46
26%
$9.89 39
Personal Care & Service
242
272 30
12%
$8.91 41
Sales & Related
758
$14.19 43
Office & Administrative Support
718
634
-84
-12%
$13.68 45
Farming, Fishing & Forestry
274
305
11%
$12.88 47
Construction & Extraction
279
239
-40
-14%
$16.42 49
Installation, Maintenance & Repair
285
280 -5
-2%
$16.40 51
Production
848
954
106
13%
$14.88 53
Transportation & Material Moving
478
463
-15
$16.99 55
Military
-4%
$18.61 99
Unclassified 32 5
$10.90
All
Total
6,528
6,613 85 1%
$16.01
section 03
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

25. Occupation distribution and change
Economy
Occupation distribution and change
The largest percentage gains in jobs in Pulaski County occurred in:
Education, Training, and Library (+47.7 percent)
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance (+25.8 percent)
The largest percentage loss in employment occurred in:
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (-23.3 percent)
Healthcare Support (-17.9 percent)
Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013:
Education, Training, & Library (+115)
Production (+106)
Office & Administrative (-84)
Healthcare Practitioners & Technical (-63)
Employment Increase
Employment Decrease
section 03
Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

26. Income and poverty Economy 2000 2006 2013
Total Population in Poverty
9.5%
11.7%
14.3%
Minors (up to age 17) in Poverty
12.1%
17.0%
19.9%
Real Median Household Income (2013)*
$48,335
$47,136
$44,821
Real Per Capital Income (2013)*
$31,200
$33,020
$38,620
The median household income in Pulaski County dipped by $3,500 between 2000 and in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation), while average income per person rose by $7,400 in real dollars over the same time period.
The total population in poverty swelled from 9.5 percent to percent between 2000 and The rate for minors was even higher, increasing by nearly 8 percentage points over the same period of time.
*Real median household income is the middle income value in the county. Half of the county’s households fall above this line and half below. Real per capita personal income is the average income per person in the county.
section 03
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary

27. Economy
Income and poverty Median household income in Pulaski County has experienced significant fluctuation over time, generally decreasing since However, per capita income as been increasing since Poverty rates for minors has stabilized over the past two years, although the rates remain high relative to the early 2000s.
section 03
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary

28. Economy
have dipped since 2010, they remain much higher than in As for the percent of the total population in poverty, the rate in 2013 was higher than at any point since The decline in real median income experienced between 2005 and 2013 may be tied to employment changes in various industries in the county during that time period. The largest employment gains between 2000 and 2013 occurred in industries paying average earnings of $30,000 or less and in occupations paying less than $15 per hour. At the same time, the occupation that experienced the greatest job losses paid approximately $25 per hour (Health Care Practitioners & Technical). No doubt, the ability of the county to capture good paying jobs will depend on the availability of a well- trained and educated workforce, something that may be challenging in light of the smaller percentage of adults in the county with an associate’s degree or higher. Exploring the need for people with technical education may be worthwhile in light of the important role that manufacturing continues to play in the county.
Takeaways
Growth in the number of establishments in Pulaski County occurred primarily in businesses with fewer than 10 employees (the self-employed and Stage 1 enterprises), components of the local economy that are often overlooked but deserve closer attention by local leaders.
Pulaski County might consider focusing on economic development efforts that seek to strengthen high-growth Stage 1 and 2 establishments since they employ several people and capture sizable sales. At the same time, employment associated with Stage 3 establishments has expanded at an impressive pace since 2000.
Real median income has undergone some dramatic swings since 2000, following a trend of declining income. While poverty rates for minors
section 03

29. 04 labor market Labor force and unemployment Commuteshed Laborshed
Workforce inflow/outflow
Takeaways 04
labor
market

30. Labor force and unemployment
Labor market
Labor force and unemployment
2002
2013
Labor Force
6,810
6,677
Unemployment Rate
5.7%
6.3%
The labor force in Pulaski County decreased by 1.9 percent between and 2013.
This decrease could be due to a rise in the number of individuals who are either officially unemployed or who have given up looking for a job, or the result of an increase in the number of adults who have left the workforce due to retirement.
section 04
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2013 Annual Data Release)

31. Labor market
Unemployment rate Unemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 10.5 percent in Since that time, the rate has been on a slow but steady decline, dipping to 6.3 percent by 2013.
section 04
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2013 Annual Data Release)

32. Commuteshed Labor market Same Work/ Out-Commuters Home
A county’s commuteshed is the geographic area to which its resident labor force travels to work.
Sixty-five percent of employed residents in Pulaski County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Lake County is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of Pulaski County.
Twenty-five percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Pulaski County. However, the largest work destination outside Pulaski County is the Greater Chicago metropolitan area (Lake and Jasper Counties) and second largest is the Lafayette metropolitan area (Tippecanoe County).
3,754
2,038
Commuters
Proportion
Lake, IN
299
5.2%
Tippecanoe, IN
297
5.1%
Jasper, IN
292
5.0%
White, IN
261
4.5%
Starke, IN
260
section 04
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)

33. Commuteshed in 2011 Labor market
Seventy percent of Pulaski County’s working residents are employed either in Fulton, Jasper, Lake, Marion, Pulaski, Starke, Tippecanoe or White Counties. Another 5 percent commute to Cass County or Porter County. An additional 5 percent travel to jobs in Marshall County.
Collectively, these 11 counties represent 80 percent of the commuteshed for Pulaski County.
section 04
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

34. Laborshed Labor market Same Work/ In-Commuters Home
A county’s laborshed is the geographic area from which it draws employees.
Fifty-six percent of individuals working in Pulaski County commute from another county. Over one in four of these in-commuters reside in counties that are adjacent to Pulaski County.
Starke and Cass Counties are the biggest sources of labor to Pulaski County. Together, they represent nearly 12 percent of Pulaski County’s labor force.
2,614
2,038
Commuters
Proportion
Starke, IN
294
6.3%
Cass, IN
246
5.3%
Fulton, IN
234
5.0%
White, IN
209
4.5%
Jasper, IN
174
3.7%
section 04
Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)

35. Laborshed in 2011 Labor market
The bulk (70 percent) of Pulaski County’s workforce is drawn from Cass, Fulton, Jasper, Pulaski, Starke or White Counties. Another 5 percent is drawn from Bartholomew, Miami and Montgomery Counties. An additional 5 percent comes from Clarke, Harrison, Tippecanoe, Warrick and Washington Counties.
Combined, the 14 counties represent 80 percent of Pulaski County’s laborshed.
section 04
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

36. Workforce inflow and outflow in 2011
Labor market
Workforce inflow and outflow in 2011
Pulaski County has more laborers traveling out of the county for work than into the county for work.
Net commuting is negative, with a loss of 1,140 commuters. The resulting situation is that for every 100 employed residents, Pulaski County has 80 jobs.
Count
Proportion
Employed in Pulaski County
4,652
100%
Both employed and living in the county
2,038
44%
Employed in the county but living outside
2,614
56%
Living in Pulaski County
5,792
Both living and employed in the county
35%
Living in the county but employed outside
3,754
65%
section 04
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

37. Takeaways Labor market
Over 60 percent of Pulaski County’s residents in the workforce are gainfully employed outside of the county. This represents a sizable loss of human talent that is unavailable to contribute to the social and economic vitality of the county. Conversely, Pulaski draws a number of its employees from surrounding counties in the region.
It may be worthwhile for local leaders and industries to determine the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county as well as those who live somewhere else but who travel to jobs in Pulaski County. By so doing, local leaders would have a better understanding of the labor force dynamics in the county and determine how they might spur the growth of good paying jobs. In so doing, they could help reduce the number of workers who now commute out of Pulaski County but who would work in their county of residence if decent paying jobs were present.
The laborshed and commuteshed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development strategies on a regional (multi-county) basis.
Labor market
Takeaways
The Great Recession that impacted the U.S. economy between 2007 and 2009 took a major toll on the Pulaski County’s unemployment rate. While the rate was low in 2000, it skyrocketed to over 10 percent by Recent figures make clear that the unemployment rate has improved significantly since 2010, now hovering around percent.
Despite the modest growth in the population over the past decade or more, the county’s labor force has decreased in size since While it is difficult to pinpoint the exact reason for the drop in the county’s labor force, two possible explanations come to mind. First, an increasing number of unemployed individuals may be discouraged workers who have given up trying to find a job. Or second, more people in the workforce may have opted to retire and their positions have been eliminated or left unfilled.
section 04

38. Notes
OTM (On the Map): OTM, a product of LEHD program, is used in the county snapshot report to develop commuting patterns for a geography from two perspectives: place of residence and place of work. At the highly detailed level of census blocks, some of the data is synthetic to maintain confidentiality of the worker. However, for larger regions mapped at the county level, the commuteshed and laborshed data are fairly reasonable.
OTM includes jobs for a worker employed in the reference as well as previous quarter. Hence, job counts are based on two consecutive quarters (six months) measured at the “beginning of a quarter.” OTM data can differ from commuting patterns developed from state annual income tax returns, which asks a question about “county of residence” and “county of work” on January 1 of the tax-year. OTM can also differ from American Community Survey data, which is based on a sample survey of the resident population.
SAIPE (Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates): SAIPE is a U.S. Census Bureau program that provides annual data estimates of income and poverty statistics at various geographic levels. The estimates are used in the administration of federal and state assistance programs. SAIPE utilizes statistical models to estimate data from sample surveys, census enumerations, and administrative records.
LAUS (Local Area Unemployment Statistics): LAUS is a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) program that provides monthly and annual labor force, employment and unemployment data by place of residence at various geographic levels. LAUS utilizes statistical models to estimate data values based on household surveys and employer reports. These estimates are updated annually. Annual county- level LAUS estimates do not include seasonal adjustments.
LEHD (Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics): LEHD is a partnership between U.S. Census Bureau and State Department of Workforce Development (DWD) to provide labor market and journey to work data at various geographic levels. LEHD uses Unemployment Insurance earnings data and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages from DWDs and census administrative records related to individuals and businesses.
NETS (National Establishment Time Series): NETS is an establishment-level database, not a company-level database. This means that each entry is a different physical location, and company-level information must be created by adding the separate establishment components.

39. Report Contributors This report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension.
Report Authors
Elizabeth Dobis
Bo Beaulieu, Ph.D.
Data Analysis
Indraneel Kumar, Ph.D.
Ayoung Kim
Report Design
Tyler Wright

40. FOR MORE INFORMATION
Please contact
Natalie Federer
County Extension Director and 4-H Youth Development Educator
PCRD
Mann Hall, Suite 266
Purdue University
Purdue Extension Community Development (CD) works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities. OR
Purdue Center for Regional Development (PCRD) seeks to pioneer new ideas and strategies that contribute to regional collaboration, innovation and prosperity.