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M7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE 1:15 PM; September 19, 2017

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Presentation on theme: "M7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE 1:15 PM; September 19, 2017"— Presentation transcript:

1 M7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE 1:15 PM; September 19, 2017
Epicenter 125 km (75 miles south and east of Mexico City); 51 km (31 miles) deep lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: September 24, 2017 More lectures at Disasters Supercourse -  PPT original - Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2 THE SEPTEMBER 19, 2017 MAGNITUDE 7
THE SEPTEMBER 19, MAGNITUDE 7.1 RABOSA EARTHQUAKE CAUSED A DISASTER IN MEXICO

3 MEXICO

4 EARTHQUAKES DEFINE PLATE BOUNDARIES: PACIFIC AND COCOS PLATES AFFECT MEXICO

5 M7.1 RABOSA QUAKE

6 EPICENTER LOCATED NEAR PUEBLA

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Information in this file is based on knowledge and experiences shared by the USGS and Mexican ministries, universities, and officials with neighboring countries and others.

8 ACKNOWLEDGMENT: All photographs of damage are used for educational purposes only without any financial benefit of any kind to anyone.

9 Mexico has a long historical record of damaging earthquakes

10 FAULTS: COCOS PLATE SUBDUCTION ZONE

11 CAUSE OF MEXICO’s SEISMICITY
The interaction of the Cocos and North American plates is the main causative factor for the seismicity of Mexico.

12 CAUSE OF BUILDING DAMAGE IN MEXICO CITY
The soft sediments of the old lake bed zone in Mexico city---now the foundation of many tall buildings--- amplifies ground motion in the 2.0 second period band---the fundamental period of many of the tall buildings.

13 PERIOD-DEPENDENT AMPLIFICATION IN MEXICO CITY’s LAKE BED AONE

14 EARLY REPORTS (SEPT. 19-20 data subject to change)
COLLAPSED/PANCAKED BUILDINGS IN MEXICO CITY’s LAKE BED ZONE OFFICES, SCHOOLS, HOMES, HOSPITALS DAMAGED 21 SCHOOL CHILDREN KILLED IN COLLAPSED ENRIQUE REBSAMEN SCHOOL; OTHERS MISSING. AT LEAST 225 DEATHS

15 EXAMPLE OF PANCAKED BUILDING

16 LATER REPORTS (SEPT. 21 data subject to change)
Nearly 5 million homes, businesses and other facilities lost electricity, including 40 percent of homes in Mexico City. The earthquake tore gas mains and sparked fires across the city and other towns in central Mexico .

17 EARLY REPORTS (Subject to change)
THOUSANDS RUSHED OUTSIDE DAMAGED BUILDINGS; LATER SLEPT OUTSIDE TO AVOID BEING TRAPPED AFTER AFTERSHOCKS INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE ROADS AND BRIDGES DAMAGED AIRPORT CLOSED

18 MEXICO CITY: OFFICE BUILDINGS EVACUATED

19 DAMAGE TO ROAD

20 INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE

21 INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE

22 INSTANTANEOUS SEARCH AND RESCUE

23 MEXICO CITY: ENRIQUE REBSAMEN SCHOOL COLLAPSED

24 ONE OF MORE THAN 70 RESCUES

25 ONE OF MORE THAN 70 RESCUES

26 MEXICO CITY HOSPITAL: TREATING PATIENTS OUTSIDE

27 SEPT. 23, 2017: WAY BEYOND THE GOLDEN 48 HOURS FOR S & R
AT LEAST 305 CONFIRMED DEATHS; MANY BELIEVED TO BE BURIED UNDER THE RUBBLE “ZERO PROBABILITY” OF FINDING ANYONE STILL ALIVE UNDER THE RUBBLE RECOVERY PHASE IS NEXT

28 ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

29 ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RISK
HAZARDS EXPOSURE RISK VULNERABILITY LOCATION

30 SEISMICITY TECTONIC SETTING & FAULTS EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MODEL

31

32 FAULTS: COCOS PLATE SUBDUCTION ZONE

33 IMPORTANCE AND VALUE OF STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS
LOCATION OF STRUCTURE IMPORTANCE AND VALUE OF STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS EXPOSURE MODEL

34 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS (the potential disaster agents)
FAULT RUPTURE, GROUND SHAKING, SOIL AMPLIFICATION, GROUND FAILURE (LIQUEFACTION, LANDSLIDES), AFTERSHOCKS

35 TSUNAMI FAULT RUPTURE TECTONIC DEFORMATION DAMAGE/LOSS
FOUNDATION FAILURE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/ LOSS SITE AMPLIFICATION DAMAGE/ LOSS GROUND SHAKING LIQUEFACTION DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS LANDSLIDES DAMAGE/ LOSS AFTERSHOCKS DAMAGE/ LOSS SEICHE DAMAGE/ LOSS

36 GROUND SHAKING

37 GTOUND SHAKING HAZARD

38 QUALITY OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
ADEQUACY OF LATERAL-FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM VULNERABILITY MODEL

39 UNREINFORCED MASONRY, BRICK OR STONE
REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH UNREINFORCED WALLS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND SHAKING 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 MEAN DAMAGE RATIO, % OF REPLACEMENT VALUE REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEDWALLS STEEL FRAME ALL METAL & WOOD FRAME V VI VII VIII IX INTENSITY

40 INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION IN OLD LAKE BED ZONE PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

41 THE ALTERNATIVE TO AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER IS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

42 EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION EARTHQUAKE RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK RISK EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION MEXICO’S COMMUNITIES PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

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