1. Ontology of Geographic Representation (OGR)
Kejin Cui
Department of Geography
University at Buffalo

2. Introduction Existing research on spatial data models
Field & Object Definition(Goodchild 1992)
Geo-atom (Goodchild 2007)
Object-based Field (Cova 2002)
Field-based Object (Yuan 2001)
Object-oriented Representation (Bian 2007)
General Field (Liu 2008)
Ontological analysis need to be explored

3. Introduction Existing research on geographic ontology
Geographic category (Smith 2001)
Different landforms (Smith 2003)
Topography (Mark 2004)
It is necessary for geographic ontology to include object and field geographic representation. (Galton 2003)

4. Introduction
Existing research uses UML (United Modeling Language) to descript Object & Field.

5. Field and Object

6. Field and Object: Spatial Cognition

7. Field & Object Models
Geo-field: Continuous
Geo-object: Discrete

8. Basic Formal Ontology (BFO)

9. Two Debates in OGR Object & Field Vector & Raster
Entity  Continuant  Independent Continuant  Immaterial Entity  Spatial Region
Vector & Raster
The same placement as SOFTWARE and DRAMATIC ART
Entity  Continuant  Dependent Continuant  Generically Dependent Continuant

10. Primitives: Geo-atoms (Goodchild, 2007)
Definition: <x, Z, Z(x)>

11. Geo-field

12. 6 categories of geo-fields (Goodchild,1993)

13. Geo-object
Four basic elements: Point, Line, Area, Spatio-Temporal_Object
3 dimensions to describe dynamic geo-objects (Goodchild,2007):
Movement: Moving VS Stationary
Geometry: Dynamic VS Static
Internal Structure: Evolving VS Rigid

14. Geo-object (Goodchild 2007)

15. The relationship between geo-field and geo-object
Object-based Fields (Cova and Goodchild, 2002)
Mapping each point in a field to an object
Example: Viewshed analysis
Field-based Objects (Yuan, 1999)
Representing the internal variation of the property Z in a geo-object
Example: Hurricane, wildfire

16. General structure
Data models
Geographic entities
Geographic events

17. Linking geographic entities and data models New object property: is_represented_by

18. Ontology on representing geographic events Example: Hurricane State  Event  Process

19. Ontology of Agent-based Modeling

20. Ontology of Agent-based Modeling and Its Spatial Data Models

21. Future work Agent-based Modeling (ABM) Ontology
Geographic Representation

22. Future Work
Using ontology to integrate ABM and geographic representation is a new direction
How an agent’s behavior affects its characteristics of geographic representation?
How the interactions between two agents affect the interactions between their corresponding data model?
How will these relationships change the result of geographic process analysis?