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The Classification of Matter
Courtesy BJU Press, edited by yours truly
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Matter is described as “anything that takes up space and has mass.”
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Organization of Matter
Pure substances Mixtures
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Only one kind of particle
Division of Matter Mixtures Pure Substances Two or more pure substances physically placed together, not chemically joined Only one kind of particle
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physical combinations of pure substances
Mixtures physical combinations of pure substances
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Mixtures Since a mixture is only a physical combination of different atoms, it is NOT a pure substance.
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Mixtures Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Different kinds of particles are visible. Different kinds of particles are not visible. Example: sand and rocks Example: salt water
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solution Another name for a homogeneous mixture. (that’s where different kinds of particles are not visible)
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A Solution is not a Pure Substance
A pure substance has the same composition throughout. A mixture has a variable composition. A solution is a type of mixture
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Only one kind of particle
Pure Substances Only one kind of particle Elements Compounds
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Elements Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
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Are made of particles called “atoms.”
Elements Are made of particles called “atoms.”
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The smallest “piece” of an element that is still the element
Atom The smallest “piece” of an element that is still the element
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The smallest “piece” of an element that is still the element
Atom The smallest “piece” of an element that is still the element Made up of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons
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Question What is the smallest piece of an element that is still that element? Hydrogen Symbol Atom Mixture Pure substance Atom - Clipart.com Item #
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Naturally occur in 3 categories
Elements Naturally occur in 3 categories Monatomic He Diatomic Polyatomic O2, H2 S8 Molecules
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Berzelius’s System Chemical Symbol
One or two letters represent the name of an element. The 1st letter is always uppercase. The 2nd letter is always lowercase.
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Question What is true about the symbols that stand for an element?
They use Greek letters. The 1st letter is never capitalized. The 2nd letter is never capitalized. Berzwali invented this system. Atom - Clipart.com Item #
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Molecules Two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together Molecules are the smallest particle of a compound you can have and still have that compound, and not a bunch of atoms or other substances.
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Molecules Can be atoms of the same element chemically bonded together, like N2, or… Can be atoms of different elements chemically bonded together, like FeO
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Question Atoms are related to elements as molecules are related to ______. bonds particles mixtures compounds symbols Atom - Clipart.com Item #
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Compounds Molecules from two or more different elements that have been chemically combined.
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Parts within a mixture are NOT chemically combined.
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The smallest particle of a compound is a “molecule.”
Compounds The smallest particle of a compound is a “molecule.”
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Consider our old pal glucose: C6H12O6 1 molecule, as written? Yes
Pure substance? Yes 1 molecule, as written? Yes 1 mole, as written? Yes (remember: like the meaning of the word “love,” talking about moles vs. molecules depends on the context.) Compound? Yes
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Only one kind of particle
Pure Substances Only one kind of particle Elements Compounds
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Only one kind of particle
Pure Substances Only one kind of particle Elements Compounds Cannot be broken into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means Molecules from two or more different elements that have been chemically bonded together
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Compounds Can be expressed by a “formula” which tells the number of atoms of each element present
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Compounds Can be expressed by a “formula” which tells the number of atoms of each element present Example: H2 O 2 hydrogen atoms 1 oxygen atom
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Compounds Formula Tells the type and number of atoms that are present in one molecule of a compound Example: Fe2O3 Subscripts
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Question Although an element can exist as atoms or molecules, a compound always exists as _________. atoms elements mixtures pure substances molecules Atom - Clipart.com Item #
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Subscript A number that indicates the amount of atoms or groups of atoms in a formula
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There are 22 hydrogen atoms.
Subscript C 12 H 22 O 11 There are 12 carbon atoms. There are 11 oxygen atoms. There are 22 hydrogen atoms.
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Question What is the name for the number
in a formula which indicates how many atoms of each element are present? Coefficient Subscript Compound Mixture Atom - Clipart.com Item #
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Coefficient A number in front of a formula which tells how many molecules or moles of atoms are present
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Coefficient Example: 5 Fe2O3 Coefficient Subscripts
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Question What is the name for the number
that indicates how many molecules of a compound are present? Mixture Substance Subscript Coefficient Atom - Clipart.com Item #
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Only one kind of particle
Division of Matter Mixtures Pure Substances Two or more pure substances physically placed together, not chemically combined Only one kind of particle
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Question If a substance is not a pure substance, it is a _____.
mixture element compound molecule atom Atom - Clipart.com Item #
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Classification of Matter
Elements H2 molecules O2 molecules Spartan Software, p. 30 of Chem. textbook
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Classification of Matter
Compounds H2O molecules H2O2 molecules Spartan Software, p. 30 of Chem. textbook
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Classification of Matter
Mixtures H2 and O2 molecules H2O and H2O2 molecules Spartan Software, p. 30 of Chem. textbook
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