1. Classifying

2. States of Matter

3. Solid Particles have a strong attraction and orderly arrangement
Particles tightly packed together
Definite shape and volume
Expands when heated
incompressible

4. Solid expanding when heated

5. What’s happening
At room temperature, the atoms in the ball vibrate but do not move past each other
When the metal ball is heated, the atoms vibrate faster. Their motion competes with their attractions and the move a little further apart

6. Liquid Attractions between particles are not as strong as in solids
Randomly arranged and slightly further apart
Definite volume but not a definite shape
Fluid in shape and takes the shape of the bottom of a container
Incompressible
Expands when heated
Thermometer

8. Gas Particles can move freely in all directions (randomly)
Particles are very far apart and the attractions between them are weak
No definite volume or shape (take the shape of the container)
Diffuse to fill container
Easily compressed

9. Water Vapor

10. Gas vs Vapor
Gas
Vapor
Substance in the gaseous state at room temperature
Example: Oxygen
Gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperature
Example: water vapor

12. Summary

13. Classification of
Matter

14. Separate Physically
Separate Chemically

16. Pure Substance
Matter that has a constant composition and distinct properties
Differ from one another in composition

17. Element Substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances
Most occur naturally on Earth (118 to date)

18. Atom
Molecular
Smallest particle of an element that retains all properties of the element
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together as a discrete unit (molecule) from only 1 type of element

19. Polyatomic Diatomic Molecules with only 2 atoms
Ex: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine
Molecules with more than 2 atoms
Ex: Ozone, Sulfur, phosphorus

20. **First letter in ALL chemical symbols are ALWAYS capitalize, second letter is ALWAYS lowercase

21. Compound
Substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions
Has properties different than its components
Can be separated by only chemical means into components (electricity & heat)
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23. Ionic Molecular Compound held together by ionic bonds
Ex: table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl)
Compound held together by covalent bonds
Ex: water, carbon monoxide

24. Mixture
Combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual identities
Do not have fixed proportions
Can be created or separated by physical means

25. Homogeneous Composition of the mixture is the same throughout
Also called a solution
Mixed at the molecular level and has a single phase
Ex: Air, brass

26. State of resulting Solution
Component 1
Component 2
State of resulting Solution
Examples
Gas
*air
Liquid
soda
*mist
Solid
Pop rocks, *foam
alcohol
Salt water, *sea water
Brass, steel
*Pollution

27. Heterogeneous
Does not have uniform composition and the individual substances remain distinct
Different components are visible

28. Chemical Formula
Expresses the composition of substances in terms of their chemical symbols
Subscripts denote number of atoms
Mg3N2
Mg3(PO4)2
Numbers outside of the parentheses get multiplied in
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