1. Welcome – today lab skills – our last
Unit review! – bring all 8 sheets to class
Tomorrow to be checked for a HUGE
Grade.
AFTER SCHOOL REVIEW TONIGHT
3-3:45 and tomorrow.

2. Lab stuff

3. Lab stuff

6. Please hunt down all 8 sheets – today we
Create a cover page , bind them and have
Your review book checked by grandpa for
4 grades – put in order please
Title page – your name = bio review book
Class period
What is this ????

7. Experiment – series of trials to
Prove a hypothesis

8. State lab Stuff.

9. State lab # 1 = Diffusion
Cell membrane is semi
Permiable – lets some things
Pass – based on size and
Concentration – high to low
For diffusion
Saturated fats form the cell
Or plasma membrane.

11. Diffusion occurs in every cell of
All organisms – nutrients and
Gasses diffuse into the cell from
Capillaries and waste and CO2
Diffuse out into blood.
Nutrients also diffuse into blood
Stream from small intestine and
Diffusion occurs through the
Placenta to baby and back.

12. Salt water drops placed into
Onion skin cells will cause the
Saltwater to diffuse in and the
Water to diffuse out
We used stains to make cell
Parts more visible. (Iodine,
Methylene blue)

14. Osmosis – diffusion of water
We made wet mounts – used paper towel
To draw water and salt water through.
Aka = capillary action
wet mounts hold objects better
Put cover slip on sideways to prevent
Air bubbles.

15. Things diffuse through cell membrane
Based on size – large molecules like
Proteins can’t get in. have to broken
Down into ???
Carbohydrates are to big also broken
Down into ??
Receptor molecules on the cell membrane
Are shape specific and allow the cell
To communicate.

17. State lab # 2 – Pulse rate
Clothespin lab.
Exercise increases pulse rate
???? DUH!!!
Experiment Parts
Control group – a group that
Does not get the independent
Variable or what you are testing for
Ex=they get a sugar pill not drug

18. Standard for comparison.
Control – Measures normal behavior. Does not get the independent variable.
Standard for comparison.
Ex. Plant treated normally, and plant treated normally with fertilizer added.

19. Control group is used to compare
To – shows normal behavior.
Independent variable = the thing
That you are testing for, the major
Drug – ex – does curol cure cancer?
The curol is the ind. Variable.
Experiments must be able to be re-
Peated and the same results.

20. Experiments
Independent variable – What your testing for. Its what the experiment is about.
usually the drug or factor you control.

21. Results of the Independent varibale.
Dependent variable
Results of the Independent varibale.
Ex. Amount of water, ammonium sulfide added, or amount of sunlight exposure.

22. Repeat Experiment Several Times
To be valid = accepted experiments must be able to be repeated with same results

23. Dependent variable = the results
Ex = the effects of curol.
State Lab # 3 = Beaks of Finches
Darwin – Galopagos Islands –
Natural Selection – the environment
Influences most evolutionary change
Use and disue – useful traits are
Passed on
Competition may arise and the fittest
Will survive.

24. State Lab # 4 – biodiversity
Paper Chromotography =
separates the Molecules or
The pigments(colors) in substances
Used to identify the ingredients or
Components that make up things.

26. Gel Electrophesis – uses electricity
To break down DNA molecuels
to identify Using a DNA fingerprint
Solve crimes, determine parents.

27. Gel Electrophesis – seperates dna
Fragments based on size

28. Microscope stuff
Eyepiece = 10x using 40x
Objective, total magnification = ______?
Parts of scope – fine and course focus , stage , diaphram ,

29. Read water level from the bottom of the
Sag ( meniscus)