1. Bellringer
Complete set-up of Interactive Notebook. I will come around and check.

2. Learning Target
Explain how an experiment is designed, including the independent and dependent variables, experimental and control groups.
Describe how data is collected, represented, and shared in science.

3. 
Metric System
The metric system is based on a base unit that corresponds to a certain kind of measurement
Length = meter
Volume = liter
Weight (Mass) = gram
Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system
Example:
Centi + meter = Centimeter
Kilo + liter = Kiloliter

4. Temperature 
Boiling
Freezing

5. The Scientific Method

6. 
The Scientific Method
An organized way to solve a problem through experimentation & observation.

7. The 6 Steps of the Scientific Method

8. 
1. State the Problem
Form a question about a specific event or reaction
EX: Mouthwash kills bacteria. Which brand works best?

9. 2. Collect Information Research the problem
2. Collect Information
Research the problem
EX: Read the labels of 3 common brands of mouthwash and see which has the most antiseptic (germ-killing) ingredients.

10. 
3. Form a hypothesis
Make an educated prediction based on your research.
A hypothesis can be recognized by an “if, then” statement.
EX: If Listerine has more antiseptic ingredients than Scope or Wal-Mart brand, then it will kill more bacteria.

11. 4. Design an Experiment Devise a way to test your hypothesis. Create a
4. Design an Experiment
Devise a way to test your hypothesis.
Create a
CONTROLLED
experiment.

12. ONLY 1 condition is changed!
A controlled experiment MUST have 2 groups.
CONTROL GROUP: all conditions remain the same
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: only the condition that you are testing for is changed
ONLY 1 condition is changed!

14. Establish the variables for your experiment.
Establish the variables for your experiment.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: the variable that is changed, manipulated (X axis for graphing)
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: the change caused by the manipulation of the independent variable (Y axis for graphing)

16. Mouthwash Experiment Control Group -no mouthwash Experimental Group
Petri dish
Bacteria grown from swab
Listerine
Experimental Group
Scope
Wal-Mart brand

17. Mouthwash Experiment INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Type of Mouthwash
Amount of bacteria killed

18. 
5. Collect & Analyze Data
Run the experiment & document the data

19. 
2 Types of Data
QUANTITATIVE: numerical data, deals with specific quantities, usually in the form of a graph or chart
QUALITATIVE: descriptive data, describes how something looks, smells, sounds, or feels; deals with qualities

20. QUANITATIVE EX: Area of inhibition for Mouthwash Brands
QUALITATIVE EX: The control group and the Wal-Mart brand have a strong smell; the Listerine & Scope don’t smell as bad.
QUANITATIVE EX: Area of inhibition for Mouthwash Brands
Control
Listerine
Scope
Wal-Mart
5 min
0 mm
3 mm
2 mm
1 mm
10 min
4 mm
15 min
6 mm
5 mm
20 min
8 mm

22. 
6. Draw Conclusions
Determine from the data collected if the hypothesis was correct or incorrect
EX: Listerine did kill more bacteria than the other brands because it had more antiseptic ingredients.

23. Progression of Ideas in Science
Progression of Ideas in Science
Hypothesis- a possible explanation to a question based on information the scientist has already gathered
- If experiments show a hypothesis to be correct, other scientists may accept it as support for a scientific theory.

24. Progression of Ideas in Science
Progression of Ideas in Science
Scientific Theory- a general statement of why things work based on hypotheses that have been tested many times

25. Progression of Ideas in Science
- Theories are used to explain & predict the outcome of other experiments
- Theories must be tested
Sometimes they are wrong & must be modified or discarded
EX: Theory of Evolution

26. Progression of Ideas in Science
Progression of Ideas in Science
Scientific Law- a statement of what happens in a certain event based on verified observations & experiments

27. Progression of Ideas in Science
- Explains what happens & not why
- Summaries of the results of many, many experiments & observations
- When results of a series of experiments are the same each time they no longer need to be tested
EX: Newton’s Law of Gravity

28. Reliable References Peer reviewed journals are best
Try to cite a primary resource if at all possible
Text books provide basic background information
News Papers – find current events
On the web
Look at “.gov” and “.edu” sites first

29. Why Publish? Benefit the world Credit and funding
Share research for feedback
Collaboration with other experts
Others can build on what you have learned to further mankind’s knowledge

30. Progression of Ideas in Science
Which one is most likely to be wrong- hypothesis, theory, or law? 1. 2. 3.
Hypothesis
Theory
Law

31. Germ Lab
Discuss with your lab partners the two places in school you want to compare. Once you know your two locations, come see me.
Develop a hypothesis as a group, each group member needs to have their own paper: Which location do you think will produce the most bacterial colonies? Explain why you think that location will produce more bacteria than the other location.
Once you have your hypothesis done and written down on your paper. Come up with a chart to graph your data as a group and put your chart on your paper. Raise your hand and I will come check.