1. Built Environment unit summary 2014
1. Housing – standard of living and quality of life, housing tenure, homeowners, housing policy
2. Shopping and services – spread and different types of shops in an area, ideas of range, threshold and catchment, access to shop factors e.g. age
3. Urbanisation including migration – urbanisation, gentrification, re-urbanisation, compare urban and rural area for quality of life, push and pull factors of migration, social and economic impacts of migration on origin and destination
4. Planning issues in urban areas – planning process, differing views, greenbelt, greenfield and brownfield sites, sustainable communities plan and designs.
5. Rural change – counter-urbanisation, decline of traditional economies, diversification and improved transport links
6. Planning issues in rural areas – differing views on using rural environment for leisure and managing it sustainably

2. Leisure use in a rural area: conflict
Golden Circle in Iceland (about an hour east of Reykjavik) you can visit waterfalls such as Gullfoss and volcanoes ,000 people visit Gullfoss each year. There are also opportunities for other tourist activities such as river rafting, glacier walking, whale watching and off road driving.
Conflict
Local residents in rural settlements such as Grimsnes disagree with the visitors use of the natural environment including off-roading driving and walking alongside major attractions such as Gullfoss waterfall as this leads to damage of the natural environment.
Footpath erosion – visitors walking by Gulfoss have created footpath erosion because they don’t stay to the path so damaging the vegetation which dies exposing the soil then heavy rainfall removes this soil on the steep slopes so causing erosion and an ugly scar on the landscape.
Off road driving – tyres tracks create deep ruts so loosening the volcanic soil and damaging the plant life this is a problem because there is a short growing season as Iceland is close to the Arctic Circle so plants don’t regrow quickly.
Solutions
An environmentally sustainable solution for off-road driving so plants can re-grow is that off road driving has been banned in by the Icelandic government enabling the ecosystem to gradually re-establish.
An environmentally sustainable solution for Gullfoss waterfall is to fence off areas for re-vegetation so the grass can re-grow on the slopes without human footfall. Also alternative wooden step footpaths have been created so some footpaths can be closed during peak season so they can recover. This is called zoning.

4. Standard of living
Standard of living is a measure of the relative wealth of individuals or families.
It can be measured using household income figures. A person’s level of qualifications or occupations can also be an indicator of income. In regions where there is high unemployment the number of households living in poverty can be high.