1. SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves.
a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves. d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction. e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums. f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday interactions

2. Waves Waves carry energy
Mechanical (sound): require a medium (solid, liquid, gas) to travel through
Electromagnetic: do not require a medium to travel through (space)

3. Electromagnetic Spectrum!
Radio
Micro
Infrared
Visible (ROYGBIV)
Ultra
Xrays
Gamma

4. Frequency
The number of wavelengths per second passing a point (measured in hertz).
More frequency more energy
*As the Frequency increases; wavelength decreases

5. Amplitude
The displacement of a wave from its resting point (equilibrium)
More amplitude more energy

6. Speed of a wave
Velocity: m/s
Frequency: Hertz (Hz)
Wavelength: (m)

7. Speed of Sound Waves
Generally travel slowest through gasses, faster through liquids, and fastest through solids

8. Wave Behavior Reflection: The bouncing back of energy waves
Refraction: the bending of waves after going through a new medium
Diffraction: Spreading of waves after going through a small opening
Interference:
Constructive: produces a wave greater than each of the individual waves
Destructive: Joining of two waves cancels out all or part of the individual waves

9. Doppler Effect The deceptive change in frequency of waves
Wave source moves towards you, frequency (or pitch) increases
Wave source moves away from you, frequency (or pitch) decreases

10. SPS10. Students will investigate the properties of electricity and magnetism.
a. Investigate static electricity in terms of: friction, induction, conduction b. Explain the flow of electrons in terms of alternating and direct current, the relationship among voltage, resistance and current, simple series and parallel circuits. c. Investigate applications of magnetism and/or its relationship to the movement of electrical charge as it relates to electromagnets, simple motors, permanent magnets

11. Parallel vs. Series Circuits
Parallel: circuit in which electric current has more than one path to follow
Series: Circuit in which electric current has only one path to follow

12. Conductors, Insulators, Semiconductors
Conductors: electrons move easily
Insulators: electrons are not able to move easily
Semiconductors: conductivity properties between that of a conductor and that of an insulator

13. AC vs. DC Current
Alternating Current: Electric current that reverses its direction of flow
Direct Current: Electric current that flows in only one direction (batteries)

14. Ohm’s Law
V = I x R V = voltage (volts) I = current (amps) R = resistance (ohms) As resistance increases current decreases

15. Electromagnets
Temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil around an iron core (nail) -More wraps = stronger magnet

16. Static Electricity The build up of excess electric charge on an object
Opposites Attract
Likes Repel

17. Flashcard VOCAB Words SPS9 Words SPS10 Words Mechanical Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
Frequency
Amplitude
Speed of a wave (equation)
Reflection
Refraction
Interference (constructive and destructive)
Diffraction
Doppler Effect
Parallel Circuit
Series Circuit
AC Current
DC Current
Ohm’s Law
Electromagnets
Static Electricity
Conductor
Insulator
Semiconductor