1. Earth, Inside and Out

2. Warm Up Questions CPS Questions (1-2)
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

3. Chapter Overview Earth, Inside and Out
The Moon: Earth’s Fellow Traveler
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

4. Lesson Overview Earth’s Interior Earth’s Atmosphere
Earth’s Magnetic Field
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

5. (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)
Quick Write
What clues does Van Allen’s work give you about how scientific thinking and practice have evolved since Ptolemy first looked at the heavens?
(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

6. Earth’s Interior
Density is the ratio of an object’s mass to its volume
Average density of Earth is 5.52 grams per cubic centimeter
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

7. Earth’s Three Layers Crust is the outer layer of Earth
The next layer down is the mantle, a thick solid layer between Earth’s crust and its core
The core of the Earth is the central part of the Earth, made up of a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

8. Earth’s Three Layers, cont.
Chemical differentiation refers to the sinking of denser material toward the center of planets or other objects
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

9. Motion of the Earth’s Crust
Continental drift - the gradual motion of the continents relative to one another
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

10. Motion of the Earth’s Crust, cont.
Rift zone - a line near the center of the Atlantic Ocean from which lava flows upward
Plate tectonics - the motion of sections (plates) of the Earth’s crust across the underlying mantle
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

11. Earth’s Atmosphere Very thin layer
By about 100 to 150 kilometers up and away, the atmosphere is almost nonexistent
Earth’s atmosphere is made up of mostly nitrogen and oxygen
Last 1 percent is made up of very important constituents – water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

12. Five Layers of the Atmosphere
Troposphere
The lowest level of Earth’s atmosphere
It extends about 11 kilometers and contains about 75 percent of the atmosphere’s mass.
All of Earth’s weather occurs in the troposphere
This layer gets most of its heat from infrared radiation from the ground
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

13. Five Layers of the Atmosphere, cont.
Stratosphere
Top of the stratosphere is the ozone layer
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

14. Importance of the Ozone Layer
Ozone is a three-atom form of oxygen written as O3
It provides important protection to life on Earth by filtering ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun
Ozone layer is under threat
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

15. Solstices and Equinoxes
Solstice—either of the twice-yearly times when the Sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator
Altitude – height measured as an angle above the horizon
Vernal and autumnal equinoxes are the points when the Sun crosses the celestial equator
At the equinoxes, night and day are equal
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

16. Solstices and Equinoxes, cont.
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

17. Earth’s Magnetic Field
A magnetic field - what exists in a region of space where magnetic forces can be detected
Magnetic north and the geographic North Pole aren’t the same
Magnetic north can wander hundreds of miles
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

18. Changes in the Magnetic Field
Magnetic fields decay over time
Earth’s current field will disappear in about 15,000 years
Magnetic fields can also flip completely because of complex changes in the Earth’s core
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

19. Van Allen Belts
Charged particles from the Sun are captured by Earth’s magnetic field
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

20. Van Allen Belts, cont.
An aurora is light radiated in the upper atmosphere because of impacts from charged particles
They produce “curtains” of visible light in the night skies
Chapter 2, Lesson 1
© Roman Krochuk/ShutterStock, Inc.

21. South Atlantic Anomaly
A significant feature in Earth’s magnetic field
A region of very dense radiation above the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil
A sort of dip or depression in the magnetic field lets cosmic rays and charged particles reach down lower into the atmosphere
Chapter 2, Lesson 1
Courtesy of S.L. Snowden/Goddard Space Flight Center/ NASA

22. Learning Check CPS Questions (3-4)
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

23. Activity 1: Earth Crossword Challenge
Refer to your textbook (pages 50-60) to complete the crossword puzzle
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

24. Activity 2: Earth’s Interior & Atmosphere
Fill in the chart on your worksheet. You may refer to pages in your textbook
Then follow the directions to create two cross-section drawings of the Earth and its atmosphere
Answer the questions on the worksheet as a group
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

25. Activity 3: The South Atlantic Anomaly
Review the section in your textbook on “The South Atlantic Anomaly” (pages 59-60)
Gather in your assigned small group to analyze, discuss, and answer the questions on the worksheet
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

26. Technology Enrichment: Conducting Research on James Van Allen
In your assigned groups, use a search engine such as google.com or yahoo.com to conduct research on James Van Allen and answer the questions on the worksheet
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

27. Review
The three layers of the Earth are the crust, the mantle and the core
The Earth’s atmosphere is a very thin layer that is only about 10,000 kilometers
The five layers of the atmosphere are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere
The magnetic field is another important feature that defines the Earth
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

28. Review Questions CPS Questions (5-6)
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

29. Summary Earth’s Interior Earth’s Atmosphere Earth’s Magnetic Field
Chapter 2, Lesson 1

30. Next… Done - Earth: Inside and Out
Next – The Moon: Earth’s Fellow Traveler
Chapter 2, Lesson 1
Courtesy of NASA/JPL