1. Chapter 19 Lesson 19.3 & 4 external beam radiation fractionation
genetic screening grading of tumors
gray (Gy) gross description of tumors
Infiltrative invasive
linear accelerator malignant tumor
Mesenchymal metastasis
microscopic description (of tumors)
Mitosis mixed-tissue tumors
Modality molecularly targeted drugs
Morbidity mucinous
Mutation neoplasm
nucleotide
Journal question: Exposure to radiation, poses a risk in itself for increasing the development of cancers. How does cancer therapy reconcile this risk?

2. Cancer Treatment: Surgery
Excisional biopsy
Exenteration
Fine needle aspiration biopsy
Fulguration
Incisional biopsy
Cauterization
Core needle biopsy
Cryosurgery
En bloc resection
What is a debulking procedure?
What is adjuvant therapy?

3. Cancer Treatment: Radiation Therapy (Radiation Oncology)
Brachytherapy
Electron beams
External beam radiation (teletherapy)
Fields
Fractionation
Gray (Gy)
Linear accelerator
Photon therapy
Proton therapy
Radiocurable tumor
Radioresistant tumor
Radiosensitive tumor
Radiosensitizers
What is normal cell damage referred to in radiation? (morbidity)

4. Radiation Therapy Side Effects
Alopecia (baldness)
Fibrosis (increase in connective tissue)
Mucositis (inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes
Myelosuppression (bone marrow depression)
Nausea and vomiting
Pneumonitis
Xerostomia (dryness of mouth)
Discuss the possible causes of these side effects.
Which side effects reverse after treatment is discontinued?

5. Chemotherapy, Biological Therapy, and Differentiating Agents
Alkylating agents
Antibiotics
Antimetabolites
Antimitotics
Hormonal agents
What are common side effects of alkylating agents?
How do antibiotic drugs work in cancer therapy?
What are antimitotics derived from?
Name a particular type of cancer on which hormonal agents might be effective.

6. Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents and the Cancers They Treat

7. Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents and the Cancers They Treat (cont’d)

8. Mechanisms of Action of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents
Discuss how the agents might act as carcinogens to normal tissue.
How is this true for radiation therapy as well?
Discuss new gene-targeted research and drug discovery that might make these old treatments look archaic in the future

9. Biological Agents
Agents that use or fortify the body’s own defenses against tumors (e.g, biological response modifiers/interferon)

10. Combining Forms Combining Forms follicul/o fung/i medull/o mucos/o
mut/a
mutagen/o
onc/o
papill/o
pharmac/o
plas/o
ple/o
polyp/o
prot/o
radi/o
sarc/o
scirrh/o
xer/o
alveol/o
cac/o
carcin/o
cauter/o
chem/o
cry/o
cyst/o
fibr/o
Name three terms in cancer medicine that use one of the above forms. (carcinoma, mutation, radiotherapy)

11. Suffixes Prefixes ana- -blastoma apo- -genesis brachy- -oma epi-
-plasia
-plasm
-suppression
-therapy
ana-
apo-
brachy-
epi-
meta-
tele-
Name three words in cancer medicine that contain of one of the above suffixes or prefixes. (neoplasm, histogenesis, sarcoma)

12. Clinical Procedures to Detect or Treat Malignancies
Bone marrow biopsy
Bone marrow or stem cell transplant
CT scans
Fiberoptic colonoscopy
Exfoliative cytology
Laparoscopy
Mammography
MRI
Needle biopsy
Radionuclide scans
Ultrasound
X-rays
Describe a bone marrow biopsy and how it can detect cancer.
What is exfoliative cytology and what types of cancer does it detect?
What is a needle biopsy and what types of cancer can it detect?