1. Lecture today in lab 3pm, room 224 Biodiversity
Thursday lab- room 1220 Bioscience, 2pm

2. Lake formation and succession
 S, W

3. Outline How do lakes die? How lakes are made Drain Fill in
Glacial lake (~74% of lakes)
Biological imprint on landscape
River formed lakes
Tectonic lakes
Coastal lakes
Volcanic lakes
Organism lakes
Sink holes
How do lakes die?
Drain
Fill in

4. Temperature and CO2 history of the world- the last 400,000 years, cycles of glaciation

5. Causes of glaciation cycles
Milankovich cycles
Obliquity cycles

6. The last 20,000 years

7. The last 2,000 years {
The little ice age

8. Present day glaciers E.C. Pielou After the Ice Age

9. I. Ice Dam Lake (Proglacial): e.g. Lake Agassiz

10. I. Ice Dam Lake (Proglacial): e.g. Lake Agassiz
Garry Clarke et al
Super lakes, megafloods,
and abrupt climate change.
Science 301:

11. Cooling event caused by draining Agassiz
Younger Dryas

12. Thermohaline circulation

13. II: Formed by Depressions: e.g. Kettle Lakes

14. III: Formed by Scour: e.g. Finger Lakes (NY)

15. Biological imprint of glaciation
dispersal through proglacial lakes
colonization from different Pleistocene refuges

16. Different refuge areas in Eastern North America Stemberger 1995 Canadian J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:2197

17. Effects of post-glacial dispersal on present distributions Thum and Stemberger unpublished
Vicariance

18. Some species have dispersed since de-glaciation

19. Genetic diversity in Artic Grayling related to dispersal corridors Stamford and Taylor 2004 Molecular Ecology 13:1533
Yukon River
Nahinni River
Brooks Range

20. River Formed Lakes: Oxbow lakes

21. Tectonic Lakes: e.g. Mono Lake, CA

22. Volcanic Lakes: Mount St. Helens, Oregon

23. Organism Lakes: e.g. Beaver Ponds

24. Sink Holes: e.g. Beaver Ponds

25. Lake Death Those not busy being born are busy dying
Raymond Lindeman The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23:
Those not busy being born are busy dying

27. Raymond Lindeman. 1942. The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology
Raymond Lindeman The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23:

28. Engstrom et al Chemical and biological trends during lake evolution in recently deglaciated terrain.
Nature 408:

29. Things you should know (aka learning objectives)
Most lakes are made by glaciers
Glaciers happen because of changes in earth’s orbit
Lake succession reveals the role of death and decay
Lakes become more productive over time until they’re not