1. Organic and biochemistry
Reaction of the benzene
Nitration Sulfonation Halogenation
Assistance Lecturer Amjad Ahmed Jumaa

2. 1-nitration Reactions of benzene Electrophilic aromatic substitution
Just as the typical reactions of the alkenes are electrophilic addition reactions, so the typical reactions of the benzene ring are electrophilic substitution reactions.
We see:
Ar = aryl (any aromatic group with attachment directly to ring carbon).
1-nitration

3. Example:
2-halogenation.
Example:

4. Nitration
Sulfonation

5. Friedel-Grafts Alkylation
Halogenation

6. Mechanism of the nitration