1. The Holy Roman Empire and the Church

2. The Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire?
Vast lands from Germany to Italy
Otto I > title > King of Germany
Good relationship w/ Church > Pope in return crowns him
German Emperors > Problems?
Controlling numerous vassals
Appointment of Church officials
Popes wanted that power

3. Feud Between Pope and Emperor
Henry IV (Emperor) vs. Gregory VII (Pope)
Gregory wanted to make Church independent of secular rulers
Banned practice of lay investiture
Henry & Gregory exchange nasty letters
German princes side w/ Pope
Gregory excommunicates Henry
Henry makes peace > repents as a sinner
Henry leads an army to Rome > Gregory exiled
Concordat of Worms
Treaty that both sides accepted

4. The Struggle for Italy German emperors wanted Italy
Came into conflict with the Pope again!!!
Fredrick I (Fredrick Barbarossa)
Tried to control wealthy cities of northern Italy
Fails
Fredrick II attempted the same thing
Also fails
Empire > patchwork of feudal states
Germany will not become a state for another 600 yrs.
Italy > faced centuries of upheaval as well

5. Church Power Reaches Its Height
1200s > peak of Church power
Papal Supremacy
Pope Innocent III claims supremacy over all other rulers
Clashed with King John (England) and Philip II (France)
Launched a crusade against Albigensians?
Rejected Catholic beliefs
Strengthened papal power within the Church