1. SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAMENTALS

2. SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAMENTALS

3. OBJECTIVES Identify three semiconductor devices.
Identify three semiconductor devices.
Describe some of the uses of semiconductor devices in electronic equipment.
List at least five advantages semiconductor devices have over other components having similar capabilities.

4. ENABLING OBJECTIVES
Identify the two most commonly used semiconductor materials and identify their majority and minority current carriers.
Describe the crystal lattice structure of semiconductors.
Describe the electrical characteristics of semiconductors.
Describe the difference between intrinsic and doped semiconductors.

5. ENABLING OBJECTIVES
8. Define the term “hole” as applied to semiconductors.
Recognize the difference between majority carriers and minority carriers in a doped semiconductor.
Explain the terms trivalent and pentavalent and explain why they are used.

6. SILICON AND GERMANIUM ATOMS
Silicon and germanium are the most common semiconductor
materials with silicon being much more widely-used.

7. LATTICE STRUCTURE INTRINSIC (PURE) SEMICONDUCTOR
Intrinsic, or pure semiconductors have four valence electrons and exist in a lattice structure.
Intrinsic semiconductors are poor conductors.

8. N-TYPE DOPING
Pentavalent materials add an additional (donor) electron to the structure.
An impurity that increases the number of free electrons creates an N-type semiconductor. Arsenic and phosphorus are examples of pentavalent N-type doping materials.

9. N-TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR
Electrons are majority carriers in N-type material.

10. P-TYPE DOPING
Trivalent materials lack the fourth electron and thus create a hole in the structure.
An impurity that reduces the number of free electrons, causing more holes, creates a P-type semiconductor. Gallium and boron are examples of trivalent P-type doping materials.

11. P-TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR
Holes are majority carriers in P-type material.

12. DOPED SEMICONDUCTORS
Doped silicon or germanium remain electrically neutral.

13. PN JUNCTION CHARACTERISTICS

14. BARRIER VOLTAGE

15. FORWARD / REVERSE BIAS
Forward Bias
Reverse Bias

16. ENABLING OBJECTIVES Identify three semiconductor devices.
Identify three semiconductor devices.
Describe some of the uses of semiconductor devices in electronic equipment.
List at least five advantages semiconductor devices have over other components having similar capabilities.

17. ENABLING OBJECTIVES
Identify the two most commonly used semiconductor materials and identify their majority and minority current carriers.
Describe the crystal lattice structure of semiconductors.
Describe the electrical characteristics of semiconductors.
Describe the difference between intrinsic and doped semiconductors.

18. ENABLING OBJECTIVES
8. Define the term “hole” as applied to semiconductors.
Recognize the difference between majority carriers and minority carriers in a doped semiconductor.
Explain the terms trivalent and pentavalent and explain why they are used.