1. CHAPTER 5
Ferrous Metals and Alloys: Production, General Properties, and Applications

2. Blast Furnace
Figure 5.1 Schematic illustration of a blast furnace. Source: Courtesy of American Iron and Steel Institute.

3. Electric Furnaces
Figure 5.2 Schematic illustration of types of electric furnaces: (a) direct arc, (b) indirect arc, and (c) induction.

4. Basic-Oxygen Process
Figure 5.3 Schematic illustrations showing (a) charging, (b) melting, and (c) pouring of molten iron in a basic-oxygen process. Source: Inland Steel Company

5. Continuous Casting Continuous
Figure 5.4 The continuous-casting process for steel. Typically, the solidified metal descends at a speed of 25 mm/s (1 in./s). Note that the platform is about 20 m (65 ft) above ground level. Source: Metalcaster's Reference and Guide, American Foundrymen's Society.
Continuous

6. Typical Selection of Carbon and Alloy Steels for Various Applications

7. Mechanical Properties of Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels in Various Conditions

8. AISI Designation for High-Strength Sheet Steel

9. Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties and Applications of Annealed Stainless Steels

10. Basic Types of Tool and Die Steels

11. Processing and Service Characteristics of Common Tool and Die Steels