1. Warm-Up Name as many structures of the nervous system as you can
What do you think the major functions of the nervous system are?
Name one other body system and how you think it works with the nervous system

2. The Nervous System: An Overview
Ch. 7a

3. Functions of the Nervous System
Sensory input – gathering information
To monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body
Changes = stimuli
Integration
To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed
Motor output
A response to integrated stimuli
The response activates muscles or glands
Slide 7.1a
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4. Quick Quiz 1 of 5
What are the 3 major functions of the Nervous system?
Give an example of the nervous system performing these functions

5. Structural Classification of the Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Slide 7.2
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7. Quick Quiz 2 of 5 What organs make up the Central Nervous System?
Which do you think would have a greater negative effect on the body and WHY?:
Damaging the CNS, or
Damaging the PNS

8. Some important terms… Afferent Efferent
Toward the Body (spinal cord and brain)
Often called “sensory”
Efferent
Away from the body (spinal cord and brain)
Often called “motor”

9. Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory (afferent) division
Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system
Figure 7.1
Slide 7.3a
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10. Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System
Motor (efferent) division
Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system
Two subdivisions
Somatic nervous system = voluntary
Autonomic nervous system = involuntary
Figure 7.1
Slide 7.3b
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11. Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System
Figure 7.1
Slide 7.3c
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12. Quick Quiz 3 of 5 What is the function of the Afferent Nervous System?
Give an example
What is the function of the Efferent Nervous system?

13. Organization of the Nervous System
Figure 7.2
Slide 7.4
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14. What makes up the nervous system?
Nervous Tissue made of:
Neurons
Cells of the nervous system that transmit messages throughout the body
Neuroglia
Non-neural tissue of the nervous system
Provides support

15. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells (Neuroglia)
Astrocytes
Abundant, star-shaped cells
Brace neurons
Form barrier between capillaries and neurons
Control the chemical environment of the brain
Figure 7.3a
Slide 7.5
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16. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells
Microglia
Spider-like phagocytes
Dispose of debris
Ependymal cells
Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Figure 7.3b, c
Slide 7.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells
Oligodendrocytes
Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system
Figure 7.3d
Slide 7.7a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells
Satellite cells
Protect neuron cell bodies
Schwann cells
Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system
Figure 7.3e
Slide 7.7b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19. Quick Quiz 4 of 5
What is the difference between Schwann Cells and Oligodendrocytes?

20. Nervous Tissue: Neurons
Neurons = nerve cells
Cells specialized to transmit messages
Major regions of neurons
Cell body – nucleus and metabolic center of the cell
Processes – fibers that extend from the cell body
Slide 7.8
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

21. Neuron Anatomy Cell body
Nissl substance – specialized rough endoplasmic reticulum
Neurofibrils – intermediate cytoskeleton that maintains cell shape
Figure 7.4a
Slide 7.9a
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22. Neuron Anatomy Cell body Nucleus Large nucleolus Figure 7.4a
Slide 7.9b
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23. Neuron Anatomy Extensions outside the cell body Dendrites
conduct impulses toward the cell body
Receivers
Axons
conduct impulses away from the cell body
Senders
Figure 7.4a
Slide 7.10

24. Get out notes from Tuesday
What is the function of the Dendrites?
How does a nerve impulse travel from one neuron to the next?

25. Nerve Fiber Coverings Schwann cells
produce myelin sheaths in jelly-roll like fashion
Nodes of Ranvier
gaps in myelin sheath along the axon
Figure 7.5
Slide 7.12
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26. Axons and Nerve Impulses
Axons end in axonal terminals
Axonal terminals release vesicles with neurotransmitters
Axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a gap
Synaptic cleft
gap between adjacent neurons
Synapse
junction between nerves
Slide 7.11
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings