1. New Generation Fibers
Dr B L Deopura
IIT Delhi

2. INTRODUCTION Most exciting starting materials
Winning as well as loosing stories
The advent of new fibres
Assemble into almost infinitely different ways
Materials with distinguishing characteristics can be produced

3. A large number of fibers
Kevlar
Carbon
HP Polyethylene M5
PBO
PBI
PEEK
Glass
Basalt
Cotton
Wool
Silk
PET
PPT
Nylons
Polypropylene

4. More Types of fibers
PLA
PCL
PVA
PVDC
PBT
Nylon 11

5. Modified Fibers Hollow Porous Fibers Profile Fibers
Surface Modified fibers
Nano incorporated Fibers
Polymer Blended Fibers
Color Changing Fibers
Shape changing Fibers
Fragrance Fibers
Environmental Sensitive Fibers
Electrically Conducting Fibers

6. KEVLAR FIBRE

7. KEVLAR Aromatic polyamide Very high strength and modulus
Excellent toughness – difficult to cut
Highest tensile strength to weight ratio amongst current reinforcing fibres

8. Bullet proof vests (non-composite)
Aramid has negative CTE, Zero thermal expansion of composites, applications limited due to moisture sensitivity;
Leading edges of wings in aircraft, Ballistic Armor, Sporting- goods, Break lining, marine, soft and light weight body armours.

9. Poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) PBO

10. Poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) PBO
Flame resistance and high thermal stability
Good resistance to creep, chemical and abrasion
Excellent high energy absorption
High impact resistance

11. APPLICATIONS Heat/flame resistant work wear e.g. fire fighters
For ballistic protection
Heat resistant felts~ conveyor belts (hot fabrication)
Reinforcement~ tyres, belts,cords
Optical fibre cables ( good dielectric properties)
Hot gas filters

12. M5 FIBRE Polyhydroquinone diimidazopyridine
Most fire resistant organic fibre
High tensile strength and modulus
Excellent UV stability

13. Properties

15. BASALT FIBRE:ALTERNATIVE TO GLASS
Material from lava flow
Minerals: Plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine;
Basalt formations in the Ukraine are particularly well suited to fiber processing

16. Properties It is similar to glass fiber Tensile strength 4.84 Gpa
Elastic modulus 89 GPa
Elongation at break 3.15 %
Density 2.7 g/cm³
Good electrical insulation
Highly flame retardent

17. Tissue Engineering Textile fibers for human organs
Produced from biocompatible and degradable polymers like PLA,PCL
The process involves culturing and growing living cells, taken from human organs, on a textile scaffold, to the desired 2-dimensional and/or 3-dimensional shapes.

18. Polycaprolactone Fibres
Fully biodegradable.
Suture 
Tissue engineering –Cell culture
Body implants
Drug delivery device
A distinguishing feature of these fibres is that crystalline region is deformable.

19. Polylactic Acid (Pla) Fibres
Excellent wicking property
Good UV resistance
Biodegradable
Ecofriendly
Spun bonded, industrial and household wipes.
Hygiene and filtration areas.

20. APPLICATIONS Fire resistant panels and components
Fire proof textile
Fire resistant panels and components
For Friction applications
Composite brake pads
Used in some parts of Wind blade
Used as a reinforcement
Concrete reinforcement rods(Pultruded)
Used to make camera tripods and heads
Snowboard
composite brake pads, because it does not soften at elevated temperatures and won't deposit on its counterpart (either the disc or brake drum) in the braking system.

21. FIBRES WHICH DON’T MAKE IT
1 Polybutylene Terepthalate (PBT)
Excellent elastic recovery
Dyeing at Boiling water
High raw material cost
PPT did made it

22. 2 Polyvinylidene chloride PVDC Copolymer (Saran)
Low permeability to a wide range of gases and vapours
Self extinguishing

23. ASSEMBLING OF FIBRES
There are various ways in which the fibres can be assembled such as yarn ,woven structures, nonwoven structures etc.
Depending upon the particular application, particular form is used.
Each form has its own distinguishing properties.

24. AFTER TREATMENTS There are many after treatments such as: drawing,
heat setting etc.
which brings about a dramatic change in properties.

25. EXAMPLE……. Polyethylene tape fabric Apply heat and pressure
Sheet like structure
Single polymer Composite
Polyethylene terepthalate
Polypropylene
Nylon, PEEK, PCL

26. Ref: http://speautomotive.com/SPEA_CD/SPEA2002/pdf/a01.pdf
Schematic of the Composite formation Composite cross section by SEM
Some products from SPC
Ref:

28. Thanks!