1. Unit 11 Assessment
Earth Materials

2. 1. A geologist is investigating changes that occur during the rock cycle. Which of the following takes place when magma turns into igneous rock?
a. heating b. cooling c. uplifting d. weathering

3. 2. Rocks are always a part of the rock cycle, even though they may stay in one part of it for millions of year. Which part of the rock cycle leads directly to the formation of sedimentary rock, but not other types or rock?
a. erosion b. cooling c. subduction d. metamorphism

4. 3. Slate is a metamorphic rock that forms from shale, which is sedimentary rock. Which of the following would be needed for shale to form from slate?
a. increased heat b. increased pressure c. erosion and deposition d. melting and solidification

5. 4. Over time, repeated cycles of heating and cooling can cause a rock to crack. The rock may then break into smaller pieces. What is the process called?
a. erosion b. deposition c. subsidence d. weathering

6. 5. While visiting the Grand Canyon, Whitney noticed that the rock along the sides was made up of layers. How did the rock most likely form? (Hint 1: Step 1. Decide the type of rock that exists in layers along the sides of the canyon. Step 2. Identify the process through which this type of rock forms.)
a. by magma slowly cooling and changing into solid rock
b. by heat and pressure creating separate layers of materials
c. by lava from volcanic eruptions cooling on Earth's surface
d. by sand and other material being deposited and hardening over time

7. 6. Which change of state takes place when magma turns into igneous rock?
a. gas to solid
b. solid to gas
c. solid to liquid
d. liquid to solid

8. 7. Derrick started to create a flow chart to show how one kind of rock can change into metamorphic rock. Which of these rock types could Derrick include in the top box?
a. igneous rock only
b. sedimentary rock only
c. either igneous rock or sedimentary rock
d. neither igneous rock or sedimentary rock

9. 8. The diagram below shows a cross section of a volcano during an eruption. Which terms describes the rock that will eventually form on the surface as a result of the eruption?
a. foliated
b. intrusive
c. extrusive
d. nonfoliated

10. 9. Conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone are all examples of sedimentary rocks. Which of the following is the process of formation that these rocks have in common?
a. evaporation
b. cementation
c. solidification
d. condensation

11. 10. Rocks of all types can be classified according to their texture
10. Rocks of all types can be classified according to their texture. Which of the following correctly describes texture?
a. It describes the sizes, shapes, and colors of the grains that make up the rock.
b. It describes the sizes, shapes, and densities of the grains that make up the rock.
c. It describes the sizes, shapes, and positions of the grains that make up the rock.
d. It describes the sizes, shapes, and compositions of the grain that make up the rock.

12. 11. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies
11. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies. As the magma cools, minerals form. What effect will the rate at which the magma cools have on the texture of the igneous rock?
a. the faster the magma cools, the smaller the crystals in the rock will be
b. the slower the magma cools, the smaller the crystals in the rock will be
c. the faster the magma cools, the more foliated the rock's texture will be
d. the slower the magma cools, the more foliated the rock's texture will be

13. 12. Which of the following correctly describes the difference between a mineral and a rock?
a. Rock can be made of inorganic material, but minerals are always organic.
b. Rocks are made of naturally occurring material, but minerals can be synthetic.
c. Rocks are made of crystalline material, but minerals are always noncrystalline.
d. Rock can be made of noncrystalline material, but minerals are always crystals.

14. 13. Sedimentary rocks can form in several different ways
13. Sedimentary rocks can form in several different ways. Which of the following are all different types of sedimentary rock?
a. chemical, clastic, organic
b. clastic, inorganic, chemical
c. organic, clastic, nonfoliated
d. crystalline, chemical, organic

15. 14. The formation of igneous rock is related to magma
14. The formation of igneous rock is related to magma. How is magma different form lava?
a. lava is magma that erupts onto Earth's surface.
b. Lava is hot, liquid rock and magma is solidified lava.
c. Lava forms intrusive rocks and magma forms extrusive rocks.
d. Lava forms foliated rocks and magma forms nonfoliated rocks.

16. 15. Granite forms when liquid magma slowly cools within Earth's crust
15. Granite forms when liquid magma slowly cools within Earth's crust. Basalt can form when lava cools on Earth's surface. What do granite and basalt have in common?
a. They are kinds of igneous rock.
b. They are not made up of minerals.
c. They are identical in color and texture.
d. They are made up of layers of sediment.

17. 16. Earth has five layers based on physical properties
16. Earth has five layers based on physical properties. The diagram below shows these five layers. Which letter represents the mesosphere?
a. B
b. C
c. D
d. E

18. 17. The diagram below shows the Earth divided into 5 layers
17. The diagram below shows the Earth divided into 5 layers. Scientists divide Earth into these layers based on what properties?
a. core properties
b. physical properties
c. chemical properties
d. atmospheric properties

19. 18. Which compositional layer of Earth is the thinnest?
a. the crust
b. the mantle
c. the inner core
d. the outer core

20. 19. Madelyn drew a diagram of Earth showing one way that scientists have divided it. She included the core, the mantle, and the crust. Madelyn divided her diagram into three layers based on which of the following?
a. physical structure
b. relative temperature
c. geographical location
d. chemical composition

21. 20. How is the outer core of Earth different from the inner core?
a. The outer core is solid, and the inner core is liquid.
b. The outer core is liquid, and the inner core is solid.
c. The outer core is made of nickel, and the inner core is made of iron.
d. The outer core is made of iron and the inner core is made of nickel.

22. 21. Earth is divided into compositional layers based on chemical composition. Which compositional layers is a hot, convecting layer of solid rock?
a. core
b. plate
c. crust
d. mantle

23. 22. Earth's physical layer partially correspond to Earth's compositional layers. Which part of the mantle is also part of the lithosphere?
a. the fluid, hot part
b. the rigid upper part
c. the soft moving part
d. the lower stationary part

24. 23. Earth is divided into three compositional layers
23. Earth is divided into three compositional layers. Which statement below is correct?
a. A is the crust, B is the core, C is the mantle
b. A is the core, B is the mantle, C is the crust
c. A is the inner core, B is the outer core, and C is the mantle.
d. A is the core, B is the crust, and C is the mantle.

25. 24. A student is comparing the properties of several mineral samples
24. A student is comparing the properties of several mineral samples. Which approach is most useful for analyzing the hardness of each sample?
a. Break the sample apart with a hammer.
b. Scratch one sample with another sample.
c. Observe the samples under a microscope.
d. Rub the sample across an unglazed ceramic tile.

26. 25. A student is testing a mineral in science class using the procedure shown. Which property of the mineral is being tested?
a. cleavage
b. color
c. luster
d. streak.