1. Conservation of Energy
Preparation for topic

2. Text Book
Use section 5.2 Conservation of Energy to help you prepare your notes on the following please.

3. Energy
Write a definition for Energy including its unit.

4. Forms of energy
Write notes on the 9 different forms of energy, this could be as a table, list, mind map, or other creative way to help you remember them but MUST include:
Form of energy, description & two examples for each.

5. The principle of conservation of energy
Write a definition of the principle of conservation of energy.
Explain what happens when we ‘see’ energy being lost from a system. Is it really lost?

6. Sankey Diagrams
Explain what a sankey diagram is and how to one for a system NB You could do this by drawing a sankey diagram and annotating your drawing.
(if you need to revise this see the following slides in the presentation)
Answer question 4 p 75

7. Sankey diagrams
These provide a visual representation of energy transfers in a closed system. They are always drawn to scale.

8. Sankey Diagrams
Introduce this as a representation of energy transfers, and explain that we will take a step by step approach for drawing a sankey diagram.

9. Sankey Diagrams
Step 1) start with a blank piece of graph paper.

10. Sankey Diagrams
The height of the box represents the amount of energy that is put in.
Step 2) Draw a box to represent the input energy. Emphasise that it doesn’t matter how long the box is.

11. Sankey Diagrams
The height of the next box represents the amount of useful energy.
Step 3) Draw a second box to represent the useful energy.

12. Sankey Diagrams
The height of the final box represents the amount of wasted energy.
Step 4) We draw another box to represent the wasted energy, however, we rotate it around to show it is wasted. I liken this to a toilet, our waste goes downwards.
But we rotate it to show that it is wasted energy.

13. Sankey Diagrams Useful Output Energy Input Energy
Finally we add arrows to our boxes and label the diagram.
Step 5) Complete the arrows and add labels.
Wasted Output Energy

14. Sankey Diagrams 8 x £1 Coins £ 10 Note 1 x £2 Coin
Show for the money example, asking students where they think the boxes should go.
1 x £2 Coin

15. Energy Transfers Light Energy 8 Joules Input Useful Wasted
Now for an example, an energy efficient light bulb.
Electrical Energy
10 Joules
Light
Energy
8 Joules
Heat Energy
2 Joules
Input
Useful
Wasted
Now compare with a real example.
There is still 10 joules of energy available, but it now appears differently.

16. What about energy? Light Energy Electrical Energy 8 joules 10 joules
An energy efficient light bulb with an input energy of 10 joules, useful output of 8 joules and a wasted output of 2 joules.
Again I asked students where they think the boxes should go.
Heat Energy
2 joules

17. What makes a good sankey?
Arrows are labelled with input and output energies.
Light Energy
8 joules
Electrical Energy
10 joules
Boxes are the correct width.
Straight lines, drawn with a ruler.
Emphasise what makes a good sankey and what you would expect from their work.
The wasted energy is labelled.
Heat Energy
2 joules

18. Draw a sankey diagram to show the energy change for:
A1) An inefficient light bulb. The input energy is 10 joules. The useful output energy is light 4 joules and the wasted energy is heat 6 joules. 2) A candle. The input energy is 200 joules. The useful output energy is heat 140 joules and wasted energy is sound 60 joules. 3) An energy efficient light bulb. The input energy is 10 joules. The useful output energy is light 8 joules. The wasted energy is heat 2 joules. 4) An electric kettle. The input energy is 10 joules. The useful output energy is heat 9 joules. Wasted energy is sound 1 joules. B) Now work out the efficiency of each item.