1. NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE 1300
GARDINER 14-3 PP

2. Scholars divide the vast and varied territory of N
Scholars divide the vast and varied territory of N. America into cultural regions based on homogeneity of language and social and artistic patterns
Eskimo of Alaska
Inuit of Canada
Maize farmers of the Southwest
Eastern woodland farmers
NORTH AMERICA

3. MISSIPIAN
The Mississippian culture emerged about 800 CE -> eventually encompassed much of the eastern United States
Mound builders
Mounds were enlarged and changed over the years
Effigy mounds = mounds built in the form of animals or birds

4. GREAT SERPENT MOUND FLASHCARD #155
Great Serpent Mound, Mississippian, Ohio, ca CE, 1200’ long, 20’ wide, 5’ high
The largest and best known of the Woodlands effigy mounds
Built by the Mississippian culture
There are no burials or temples associated with this mound
Uncertain of the exact meaning of this work
Snakes are important in Mississippian iconography -> the earth and fertility
Theory that it could be Halley’ Comet in 1066
GREAT SERPENT MOUND

5. ANCESTRAL PUEBLOANS (ANASAZI)
The Ancestral Puebloans, formerly known as the Anasazi, reached their peak about 1000 CE
Master builders known for their pueblos (urban settlements) scattered throughout the Southwest
In 1200 due to drought the Ancestral Puebloans abandoned their open- canyon floor sites to move north to steep sided canyons and lusher environment in Mesa Verde in southwestern Colorado

6. CHACO CANYON, NEW MEXICO

7. MESA VERDE CLIFF DWELLINGS
FLASHCARD #154
Cliff Palace, Ancestral Puebloan, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, ca CE
Cliff Palace is wedged into sheltered ledge above a valley floor
About 200 communal dwellings made of stone and timber -> once plastered inside and out with adobe
Kivas = circular semisubterranean structures which once were roofed over and with a ladder through a hole in the roof -> spiritual centers and male council houses